Is schizophrenia a spatiotemporal disorder of the brain's resting state?

Northoff, Georg

doi:10.1002/wps.20177

Cited by 47 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…disturbances in BD) (25,26). Although recent findings in other psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia and unipolar depression (3,4,(27)(28)(29), highlight the need to consider global signal power and variance (30,31), as well as the relationships between different networks (such as DMN-CEN and DMN-SN) (11,12,(32)(33)(34), this remains unclear in BD and its various phases. The relationships between networks concern the topographical patterns in signal power and variance across brain regions, as distinguished from global signal power and variance (31).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting variability patterns in the default mode and sensorimotor networks balance in bipolar depression and mania

Martino

Magioncalda

Huang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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224

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Depressive and manic phases in bipolar disorder show opposite constellations of affective, cognitive, and psychomotor symptoms. At a neural level, these may be related to topographical disbalance between large-scale networks, such as the default mode network (DMN) and sensorimotor network (SMN). We investigated topographical patterns of variability in the resting-state signal-measured by fractional SD (fSD) of the BOLD signal-of the DMN and SMN (and other networks) in two frequency bands (Slow5 and Slow4) with their ratio and clinical correlations in depressed (n = 20), manic (n = 20), euthymic (n = 20) patients, and healthy controls (n = 40). After controlling for global signal changes, the topographical balance between the DMN and SMN, specifically in the lowest frequency band, as calculated by the Slow5 fSD DMN/SMN ratio, was significantly increased in depression, whereas the same ratio was significantly decreased in mania. Additionally, Slow5 variability was increased in the DMN and decreased in the SMN in depressed patients, whereas the opposite topographical pattern was observed in mania. Finally, the Slow5 fSD DMN/SMN ratio correlated positively with clinical scores of depressive symptoms and negatively with those of mania. Results were replicated in a smaller independent bipolar disorder sample. We demonstrated topographical abnormalities in frequency-specific resting-state variability in the balance between DMN and SMN with opposing patterns in depression and mania. The Slow5 DMN/SMN ratio was tilted toward the DMN in depression but was shifted toward the SMN in mania. The Slow5 fSD DMN/SMN pattern could constitute a state-biomarker in diagnosis and therapy. bipolar disorder | neuronal variability | default mode network | sensorimotor network B ipolar disorder (BD) type I is a debilitating psychiatric disease with recurrent episodes of depression and mania, characterized by opposite constellations of psychopathological symptoms (1, 2). Typically, depression is characterized by mood biased toward negative affect, cognitive symptoms with thought internally focused: that is, self-focused (which manifests in ruminations) and inhibited psychomotor behavior (which manifests in psychomotor retardation). In contrast, most commonly mania presents mood biased toward positive affect, cognitive symptoms with thought externally focused: that is, environment-focused (which manifests in flight of ideas/ distractibility) and excited psychomotor behavior (which manifests in psychomotor agitation) (1-7). The neural basis underlying such co-occurrence of psychopathological symptoms with opposing constellations in depressive and manic phases of BD, however, remains unclear.Affect, thought, and psychomotor functions can be related to distinct neural networks in the brain's resting state. One central network is the default-mode network (DMN), which was first defined as a group of brain areas consistently showing decrease from baseline state during task-related activity and is indicative of an organization within the brain's ...

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting variability patterns in the default mode and sensorimotor networks balance in bipolar depression and mania

Martino

Magioncalda

Huang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

224

141

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“…This is a correlation found between impairment of time perception and overall symptomatology [102] . The disturbance of so-called neural oscillations (the slow widespread bio-electric activity characterizing the resting state) [103] is a candidate neural mechanism underlying the slowness of subjective time in people with depression. Interestingly, a recent meta-analysis of fNMR studies confirmed anomalies of the default mode network in MDD patients, demonstrating hyperactivity/hyperconnectivity between (posterior) cortical midline structures and lateral frontal parietal areas [104] .…”

Section: Vital Retardationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Time Experiences in Major Depression: An Empirical Qualitative Study

et al. 2016

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Background: Phenomenological psychopathology, through theoretical and idiographic studies, conceptualizes major depressive disorder (MDD) as a disorder of time experience. Investigations on abnormal time experience (ATE) in MDD adopting methodologies requested by the standards of empirical sciences are still lacking. Our study aimed to provide a qualitative analysis, on an empirical ground and on a large scale, of narratives of temporal experiences of persons affected by MDD. Methods: We interviewed 550 consecutive patients affected by affective and schizophrenic disorders. Clinical files were analysed by means of consensual qualitative research. Results: Out of 100 MDD patients, 96 reported at least 1 ATE. The principal categories of ATE are vital retardation - the experience of a stagnation of endogenous vital processes (37 patients), the experience of present and future dominated by the past (29 patients), and the experience of the slackening of the flow oftime (25 patients). A comparison with ATE in schizophrenia patients showed that in MDD, unlike in schizophrenia, there is no disarticulation of time experience (disorder of temporal synthesis) but rather a disorder of conation or inhibition of becoming. Limitations: The interview style was not meant to make a quantitative assessment (“false negatives” cannot be excluded). Conclusions: Our findings confirm the relevance of distinctive features of ATE in MDD, support the hypothesis of an intrinsic disordered temporal structure in depressive symptoms, and may have direct implications in clinical practice, especially in relation to differential diagnosis, setting the boundaries between “true” and milder forms of depression, and neurobiological research.

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“…Dysfunctional connectivity indicates a disruption of information flow and interaction between distinct brain regions and is thought to underlie specific symptoms. For example, auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia are hypothesized to result from disengagement of default-mode-network functional connectivity to the auditory cortex and the latter's association with the control executive network, which could assign an external origin to the hallucinated voices rather than relating them to the internal origin (Northoff, 2015). In addition, the hippocampal-prefrontal network has abnormal connectivity in schizophrenia (Esslinger et al, 2009), which may underlie the working memory deficits in that disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%