Is reciprocity always beneficial? Age differences in the association between support balance and life satisfaction

Li, Tianyuan; Fok, Hung Kit; Fung, Helene H.

doi:10.1080/13607863.2010.551340

Cited by 44 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Unbalanced social exchanges increase depressive symptoms and psychological distress (Li, Fok, & Fung, 2011). This is likely because inequity reveals the unequal need for social support and thus hardship, and unequal exchanges also rebuke norms of reciprocity (Henretta, Hill, Li, Soldo, & Wolf, 1997; Silverstein, Conroy, Wang, Giarrusso, & Bengtson, 2002).…”

Section: Background and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent–Child Relationships and Parent Psychological Distress

Reczek

Zhe

2016

Res Aging

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Relationships with children are important for parents’ psychological well-being, yet limited research addresses whether and how relationships with adult children matter for aging parents’ psychological well-being in mid- to later life. We used four waves of national longitudinal data (Americans’ Changing Lives, N = 1,692) and growth curve models to test how multiple dimensions of the intergenerational relationship—social support, strain, equity, and dissatisfaction—shape mid- to later life parents’ psychological distress over time. Results showed that social support and strain were associated with parents’ distress at baseline but not over time, while relationship equity and dissatisfaction affected change in parents’ psychological distress over time. Findings further showed how the effects of dissatisfaction varied for mothers and fathers. This study adds to an understanding of the social context of aging by drawing attention to how specific dimensions of the parent–child tie matter longitudinally for mid- to later life parents’ psychological distress.

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Section: Background and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent–Child Relationships and Parent Psychological Distress

Reczek

Zhe

2016

Res Aging

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“…In their study, only providing support to others was positively related to quality of life; receiving support was negatively related to quality of life. In contrast, Li et al [20] reported that overbenefited friendships are more strongly associated with life satisfaction than reciprocal friendships, which indicates a crucial role for received rather than provided support. However, as all these studies are cross-sectional, an alternative explanation that greater well-being promotes a coherent perception of social exchange cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Well-Being and Institutional Care in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional and Time Effects of Provided and Received Support

Kroemeke

Gruszczyńska

2016

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe aim of the study was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of provided and received support on older adults’ subjective well-being (positive affect and depression) and to examine whether being a recipient of institutional care moderates these effects.MethodsSocial support (provided and received), positive affect, and depressive symptoms were assessed twice (at baseline and 1 month later) for 277 older adults (age 77.39 ± 9.20 years, 67.50% women, 65% residents of an institutional care facility).FindingsTwo structural equation models were analyzed: cross-sectional (at baseline) and longitudinal (after 1 month). The first model revealed a significant positive relationship between providing and receiving support and positive affect, and a negative relationship between receiving support and depression. However, being a recipient of institutional care appeared to be a significant moderator in the longitudinal model. Specifically, the findings indicated effects of both providing and receiving support on positive affect but only for noninstitutionalized older adults.DiscussionAlthough both types of support may be beneficial for older adults, their effects depend on the nature of social exchange and the dimensions of well-being. This suggests that such factors should be systematically investigated in future research.

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“…What makes peer support so complex is that one central aspect of peer support relationships is that they are likely to be reciprocal (Kram 1985), such that the actors both give and receive support in a relationship. Reciprocity therefore considers pairs of directed ties that are either binary (present and absent) or weighted (e.g., by frequency or strength; Squartini et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second central aspect is that peer support relationships are rarely one-dimensional. Rather, they are likely to be multiplex (Kram 1985), such that a single relationship comprises various types of support exchanged between the actors (Dobrow et al 2012;Rodkin and Ryan 2012). This multiplexity can be mapped by incorporating layers into the social support network, one for each different support type (Gemmetto et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quid pro quo? The benefit of reciprocity, multiplexity, and multireciprocity in early career peer support

2019

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In the early career phase of higher education, the social relationships with peers are a critical source of developmental support. Peer support relationships tend to be reciprocal and multiplex, such that the actors of the relationships both give and receive multiple facets of developmental support from one another. However, reciprocity and multiplexity alone cannot cover ties that are anti-aligned across the layers of the multiplex network (i.e., one type of support received, and another type of support given in exchange). Therefore, the goal of this study is to integrate reciprocity and multiplexity in order to give consideration to such real-world multilayer relationships. We transferred the approach on multireciprocity introduced by Gemmetto et al. (Phys Rev E 94: 042316, 2016) to weighted network data of 61 university students and explored the possible beneficial effect of reciprocity, multiplexity, and multireciprocity in terms of career outcomes (i.e., objective performance, subjective performance, satisfaction with life). Results revealed no general benefit of mutuality and balance in support relationships. Rather, positive effects emerged for specific constellations of mutuality and support types. Career support in combination with socioemotional support showed to be particularly relevant for early career factors.

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Is reciprocity always beneficial? Age differences in the association between support balance and life satisfaction

Abstract: Age, type of support, and source of support should be considered when studying the relationships between support balance and psychological well-being.

Cited by 44 publications

References 28 publications

Parent–Child Relationships and Parent Psychological Distress

Parent–Child Relationships and Parent Psychological Distress

Well-Being and Institutional Care in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional and Time Effects of Provided and Received Support

Quid pro quo? The benefit of reciprocity, multiplexity, and multireciprocity in early career peer support

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