Is Real-Time Poolside Assessment of Upper Limb Errors in Front Crawl Swimming Technique Reliable and Equivalent to Video Analysis?

Pollen, Travis R.; Ebaugh, David; Mohring, Jason H.; Hutchinson, Dean; Silfies, Sheri P.

doi:10.1123/jsr.2021-0435

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…It involves identifying potential sources of failure, estimating the likelihood and consequences of failure, and developing strategies to mitigate or manage the risks associated with failure. Reliability assessment can be applied to various areas, such as engineering design [1][2][3], information security [4][5][6], power industry [7][8][9], and social science [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Dependent Performance Shaping Factors in SPAR-H Based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient

Su,

Shang,

et al. 2024

CMES

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With the improvement of equipment reliability, human factors have become the most uncertain part in the system. The standardized Plant Analysis of Risk-Human Reliability Analysis (SPAR-H) method is a reliable method in the field of human reliability analysis (HRA) to evaluate human reliability and assess risk in large complex systems. However, the classical SPAR-H method does not consider the dependencies among performance shaping factors (PSFs), which may cause overestimation or underestimation of the risk of the actual situation. To address this issue, this paper proposes a new method to deal with the dependencies among PSFs in SPAR-H based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. First, the dependence between every two PSFs is measured by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Second, the weights of the PSFs are obtained by considering the total dependence degree. Finally, PSFs' multipliers are modified based on the weights of corresponding PSFs, and then used in the calculating of human error probability (HEP). A case study is used to illustrate the procedure and effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Dependent Performance Shaping Factors in SPAR-H Based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient

Su,

Shang,

et al. 2024

CMES

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Sink or Swim? Clinical Objective Tests and Measures Associated with Shoulder Pain in Swimmers of Varied Age Levels of Competition: A Systematic Review

Kennedy,

Otley,

Hendren

et al. 2024

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy

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BACKGROUND Swimming is enjoyed by athletes of all ages, and shoulder pain is a common problem. Clinicians identify impairments which impact shoulder pain and these impairments may differ depending on the swimmer’s age competition level. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate objective measures utilized to assess swimmers and assess the relationship of test values to shoulder pain in distinct age groups/competition levels. A secondary aim was to report normative/expected values for these tests. DESIGN Systematic review METHODS PRISMA methodology was employed to assess studies evaluating clinical tests and measures associated with shoulder pain for swimmers in varied age competition levels. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies instrument was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and a qualitative synthesis of findings was conducted to determine the strength of the evidence in four age competition levels for nine objective measures. Distinct cut points for proposed measures were identified. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included in the analysis and the majority were of moderate quality in adolescent/adult swimmers. Youth swimmers had limited evidence for the development of shoulder pain associated with scapular position/dyskinesia, weakness of periscapular muscles, low endurance of core muscles, and moderate evidence for shoulder pain associated with laxity and altered range of motion (ROM). Adolescent/adult swimmers demonstrated limited evidence for a positive association between developing shoulder pain if there is a low eccentric ER:concentric IR ratio, and moderate evidence for pectoralis minor tightness and glenohumeral laxity. There were limited studies regarding masters swimmers to derive conclusive evidence. Cut points were identified from the included studies but these have not been validated in other studies. CONCLUSION Swimmers of various ages may have different objective clinical tests and measures associated with the risk for developing shoulder pain. More studies are needed to fully understand risk factors for shoulder pain in the masters swim competition level, and to validate recommended cut points for various tests and measures. Key level of evidence 3, Systematic review of mostly Level 3 studies

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Intrinsic Risk Factors for Noncontact Musculoskeletal Injury in Collegiate Swimmers: A Prospective Cohort Study

Pollen

Warren

Ebaugh

et al. 2022

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Shoulder pain is pervasive in swimmers of all ages. Yet due to a limited number of prospective studies, risk factors for injury in swimmers remain uncertain. Objective: To determine the extent to which the risk factors of previous injury, poor movement competency, erroneous freestyle swimming technique, and low perceived susceptibility to sport injury were associated with non-contact musculoskeletal injury in college swimmers. We hypothesized each risk factor would be associated with increased odds of injury. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: College natatorium. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-seven Division III college swimmers. Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed preseason questionnaires on previous injuries and perceived susceptibility to sport injury. At the beginning of the season, they completed the Movement System Screening Tool and Freestyle Swimming Technique Assessment. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals for the association between each risk factor and injury. Results: Eleven of the 37 participants (29.7%) sustained an injury. Univariate analyses identified two risk factors: previous injury (OR = 8.89 [95% CI = 1.78, 44.48]) and cross-over hand positions during the freestyle entry phase (OR = 8.50 [95% CI = 1.50, 48.05]). After adjusting for previous injury, higher perceived percentage chance of injury (one item from the perceived susceptibility to sport injury questionnaire) decreased injury odds (adjusted OR = 0.11 [95% CI = 0.02, 0.82). Poor movement competency was not associated with injury (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Previous injury, a cross-over hand entry position in freestyle, and low perceived percentage chance of injury were associated with increased injury odds. Ascertaining injury histories and assessing for cross-over may help identify swimmers with elevated injury risk and inform injury prevention strategies.

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Is Real-Time Poolside Assessment of Upper Limb Errors in Front Crawl Swimming Technique Reliable and Equivalent to Video Analysis?

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Assessment of Dependent Performance Shaping Factors in SPAR-H Based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient

Assessment of Dependent Performance Shaping Factors in SPAR-H Based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient

Sink or Swim? Clinical Objective Tests and Measures Associated with Shoulder Pain in Swimmers of Varied Age Levels of Competition: A Systematic Review

Intrinsic Risk Factors for Noncontact Musculoskeletal Injury in Collegiate Swimmers: A Prospective Cohort Study

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