Is queer-and-trans youth homelessness a form of displacement? A queer epistemological review of refugee studies’ theoretical borders

What is wrong with persecution

“…This can potentially be seen more clearly in the case of family-based persecution. To take a contemporary example, many young people are expelled from their families after they come out as non-straight or gender non-conforming (Ritholtz, 2022). 46 Such expulsion also often includes targeted harassment, hate campaigns, and ensuring that the individual does not have access to any friends or family members for support.…”

“…They are not only victims but also exiles.” 36 The persecuted individual's country of origin has repudiated their membership (Owen, 2020, 32) 37 . Denial of membership—understood as the loss of effective citizenship—can be worrisome for at least two reasons (Buxton, 2021). 38 First, it violates an individual's prior claim to be recognized and protected within a particular community.…”

“…46 Such expulsion also often includes targeted harassment, hate campaigns, and ensuring that the individual does not have access to any friends or family members for support 47 . For LGBT people fleeing persecution, the family is often the first locus of harm (Buxton and Ritholtz, 2021). 48 Along with all the other wrongs committed in such an expulsion (the wrongs that we mentioned in the previous section), such families have also violated their pre‐existing obligation towards this family member as a family member ; they have changed who is part of the family and violated their prior associative obligations to them.…”

Sanctuary after Asylum: Addressing a Gap in the Political Theory of Refuge

“…The first focus on the process of seeking asylum has been addressed by much of the scholarship on LGBTQ displacement within migration and refugee studies (Luibhéid 2008;Ritholtz 2022). Once the acceptance of LGBTQ refugees became established within the global refugee regime, scholars focused on the RSD process, particularly during the interview stage where prejudice can compound based on the applicant's sexual orientation, gender identity, race, religion, disability, and culture (Millbank 2015;Murray 2014;Prearo 2021;Tschalaer 2021).…”

Under Construction: Toward a Theory and Praxis of Queer Peacebuilding

“…Recognizing how queer peacebuilding can be framed as a threat to liberal peace underscores the importance of bringing the hidden stories of queer social struggles -and their gendered, sexualized, and racialized dimensions-to the fore within analyses of political transitions and of international relations more broadly. These concerns emanate at the intersections of prior scholarship on, amongst others, the entanglements of homophobia and racism in post-colonial contexts (Judge 2018); homophobic violence in armed conflicts (Serrano-Amaya 2017); the queering of gender and security agendas (Hagen 2016(Hagen , 2017; and queer conceptualizations of violence and displacement (Ritholtz 2022a(Ritholtz , 2022b. Such considerations bring to the topic a longer-term commitment to exploring the assumptions that have constrained more critical engagements with questions of sexualities, gender, political transitions, and struggles for social justice in countries dealing with protracted conflicts.…”