Is Quarantine for COVID-19 Pandemic Associated with Psychological Burden in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia?

Riccio, Maria Pia; Borrelli, Melissa; Fioretti, Maria Teresa; Bene, Margherita Del; Bravaccio, Carmela; Poeta, Marco; Santamaria, Francesca

doi:10.3390/ijerph17218099

Cited by 14 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Measures should be implemented to allow children and adolescents to attend school safely. Isolation can be unpleasant because of a reduction in social contacts however, it is extraordinarily effective in reducing the exposure of children and adolescents, whether healthy or affected by chronic lung disorders, to infections (182).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children

et al. 2021

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Since its appearance in Wuhan in mid-December 2019, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) related 19 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread dramatically worldwide. It soon became apparent that the incidence of pediatric COVID-19 was much lower than the adult form. Morbidity in children is characterized by a variable clinical presentation and course. Symptoms are similar to those of other acute respiratory viral infections, the upper airways being more affected than the lower airways. Thus far, over 90% of children who tested positive for the virus presented mild or moderate symptoms and signs. Most children were asymptomatic, and only a few cases were severe, unlike in the adult population. Deaths have been rare and occurred mainly in children with underlying morbidity. Factors as reduced angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor expression, increased activation of the interferon-related innate immune response, and trained immunity have been implicated in the relative resistance to COVID-19 in children, however the underlying pathogenesis and mechanism of action remain to be established. While at the pandemic outbreak, mild respiratory manifestations were the most frequently described symptoms in children, subsequent reports suggested that the clinical course of COVID-19 is more complex than initially thought. Thanks to the experience acquired in adults, the diagnosis of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection has improved with time. Data on the treatment of children are sparse, however, several antiviral trials are ongoing. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize current understanding of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and provide more accurate information for healthcare workers and improve the care of patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children

et al. 2021

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“…However, they carefully shielded themselves by staying at home and avoiding public places. Another study in 27 children and adults with PCD also showed that all shielded carefully [ 31 ]. It is possible that people with PCD could be particularly burdened by facemasks due to chronic wet cough, constantly runny nose, hearing problems [ 14 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facemask Usage Among People With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Participatory Project

Pedersen

Collaud

Mozún

et al. 2021

Int J Public Health

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Objectives: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disease that causes recurrent respiratory infections. People with PCD may be at high risk of severe COVID-19 and protection against SARS-CoV-2 is therefore important. We studied facemask usage and problems reported in relation with their use among people with PCD.Methods: We used data from COVID-PCD, an international observational cohort study. A questionnaire was e-mailed to participants in October 2020 that asked about facemask usage.Results: In total, 282 participants from 27 countries were included (Median age 32 years; 63% female). In total, 252 (89%) wore facemasks everywhere in public, 13 (5%) wore facemasks in most places, and 17 (6%) did not wear facemasks in public. Half of the participants reported that it was uncomfortable to wear facemasks because of runny nose, cough, or difficulty breathing. Participants less often wore facemasks when there was no national requirement.Conclusion: Most people with PCD wore facemasks despite frequent respiratory problems related to their use. Facemask usage was most frequent in countries with a national requirement emphasizing the importance of nationwide policies mandating facemasks.

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“…Furthermore, for children with asthma and other chronic respiratory conditions, many studies also highlight the deterioration of mental health 29 and report of psychological fatigue 30 . However, for certain chronic diseases, such as Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, both parental and patient stress levels appeared not to be affected 31 . Nevertheless, among the general paediatric population, it should not be overseen that social distancing and lockdown measures have been consistently associated with adverse psychological effects, 32,33 as well as with reduced physical activity 34–36 and increased use of TV and electronic devices 36,37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric asthma symptom control during lockdown for the COVID‐19 pandemic in Spring 2020: A prospective community‐based study in Cyprus and Greece

Kouis

Michaelidou

Kinni

et al. 2021

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Objectives To prospectively quantify at the community level changes in asthma symptom control and other morbidity indices, among asthmatic schoolchildren in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) lockdown measures. Methods In Spring 2019 and Spring 2020, we prospectively assessed monthly changes in pediatric asthma control test (c‐ACT), asthma medication usage, infections and unscheduled visits for asthma among schoolchildren with active asthma in Cyprus and Greece. We compared asthma symptom control and other morbidity indices before and during lockdown measures, while participants’ time spent at home was objectively assessed by wearable sensors. Results A total of 119 asthmatic children participated in the study during Spring 2020. Compared to a mean baseline (pre‐COVID‐19 lockdown) c‐ACT score of 22.70, adjusted mean increases of 2.58 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.91, 3.26, p < 0.001) and 3.57 (95% CI: 2.88, 4.27, p < 0.001) in the 2nd and 3rd monthly assessments were observed after implementation of lockdown measures. A mean increase in c‐ACT score of 0.32 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.47, p < 0.001) was noted per 10% increase in the time spent at home. Improvement was more profound in children with severe asthma, while significant reductions in infections, asthma medication usage and unscheduled visits for asthma were also observed. During Spring 2019, 39 children participated in the study in the absence of lockdown measures and no changes in c‐ACT or other indices of disease severity were observed. Conclusions Clinically meaningful improvements in asthma symptom control, among asthmatic schoolchildren were observed during the COVID‐19 lockdown measures in Spring 2020. Improvements were independently associated with time spent at home and were more profound in the children with severe asthma.

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Is Quarantine for COVID-19 Pandemic Associated with Psychological Burden in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia?

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children

Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children

Facemask Usage Among People With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Participatory Project

Pediatric asthma symptom control during lockdown for the COVID‐19 pandemic in Spring 2020: A prospective community‐based study in Cyprus and Greece

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