Is quality of life related to high autistic traits, high ADHD traits and their Interaction? Evidence from a Young-Adult Community-Based twin sample

Simone, Jamee; Agnew-Blais, Jessica; Lau‐Zhu, Alex; Colvert, Emma; Tye, Charlotte; Aydın, Ümit; Lautarescu, Alexandra; Ellis, Claire; Saunders, Tyler S.; O’Brien, Lucy; Ronald, Angelica; Happé, Francesca; McLoughlin, Gráinne

doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05640-w

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Significant phenotypic correlations emerged between both ADHD and autism and QoL in all four domains of physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environment. The association of ADHD and autism diagnosis with lower QoL agrees with previous studies in both autism (Capp et al., 2022 ; Mason et al., 2018 ) and ADHD (Quintero et al., 2019 ). Importantly, these findings indicate large shared genetic aetiology between these conditions and QoL, particularly for ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…We examined the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental relation- studies in both autism (Capp et al, 2022;Mason et al, 2018) and ADHD (Quintero et al, 2019). Importantly, these findings indicate large shared genetic aetiology between these conditions and QoL, particularly for ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to analyses, all data were cleaned and corrected for errors (see Supporting Information and (Capp et al., 2022 )).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality of life, functional impairment and continuous performance task event‐related potentials (ERPs) in young adults with ADHD and autism: A twin study

et al. 2022

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality of life, functional impairment and continuous performance task event‐related potentials (ERPs) in young adults with ADHD and autism: A twin study

et al. 2022

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“…Overall, this community-based sample consisted of 566 (283 twin pairs) participants (271 males) with an average age of 22.44 ± 0.96 years. Ten participants were missing data for all variables included in the analyses for the present study, so the final sample used for analyses included 556 participants [please see Supplementary Material and ( 9 , 44 ) for details of the sample and the exclusion criteria]. Based on the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults 2.0 (DIVA-2) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2), the ADHD-only group included 93 participants, the autism-only group included 31 participants, and 16 participants were in the co-occurring autism+ADHD group (with scores above the threshold in both DIVA-2 and ADOS-2), and 407 participants in the comparison group (CG) (scoring below the threshold in both DIVA-2 and ADOS-2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our hypothesis for the P3 component is less clear but based on previous studies, we expected this to be attenuated in ADHD, particularly for negative emotional stimuli. Since the main aim of IDEAS was to understand the variation observed between ADHD and autism in young adulthood, the sample was enriched for high levels of autistic and/or ADHD traits based on childhood and adolescent measures meaning the proportion of individuals with ADHD and autism in this sample is higher than a sample selected randomly from the general population [see (9,44) for details].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face processing in young adults with autism and ADHD: An event related potentials study

Aydın

Cañigueral²,

Tye³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundAtypicalities in perception and interpretation of faces and emotional facial expressions have been reported in both autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during childhood and adulthood. Investigation of face processing during young adulthood (18 to 25 years), a transition period to full-fledged adulthood, could provide important information on the adult outcomes of autism and ADHD.MethodsIn this study, we investigated event-related potentials (ERPs) related to visual face processing in autism, ADHD, and co–occurring autism and ADHD in a large sample of young adults (N = 566). The groups were based on the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults 2.0 (DIVA-2) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2). We analyzed ERPs from two passive viewing tasks previously used in childhood investigations: (1) upright and inverted faces with direct or averted gaze; (2) faces expressing different emotions.ResultsAcross both tasks, we consistently found lower amplitude and longer latency of N170 in participants with autism compared to those without. Longer P1 latencies and smaller P3 amplitudes in response to emotional expressions and longer P3 latencies for upright faces were also characteristic to the autistic group. Those with ADHD had longer N170 latencies, specific to the face-gaze task. Individuals with both autism and ADHD showed additional alterations in gaze modulation and a lack of the face inversion effect indexed by a delayed N170.ConclusionAlterations in N170 for autistic young adults is largely consistent with studies on autistic adults, and some studies in autistic children. These findings suggest that there are identifiable and measurable socio-functional atypicalities in young adults with autism.

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Autism severity and its relationship to disability

et al. 2023

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Autism severity is currently defined and measured based exclusively on the severity levels of the two core symptom domains: social-communication and restricted or repetitive patterns of behaviors and interests. Autistic individuals, however, are often diagnosed with other medical, developmental, and psychological cooccurring conditions. These additional challenges such as intellectual disability, limited expressive and/or receptive language, and anxiety disorders, can have a tremendous impact on the day-to-day lives of autistic individuals, for both their adaptive functioning as well as their sense of wellbeing. Furthermore, the initial presentation of core symptoms and their likelihood of changing over time are influenced by the presence of such co-occurring conditions. In order to truly understand how a person's autism impacts their life, both core symptoms as well as other challenges should be considered. This approach was recently taken byThe Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism, which proposed the term "profound autism" for a subgroup of individuals presenting with high core symptom severity, co-occurring intellectual disability, and little or no language, who require extensive long-term care. Considering other individual factors such as daily living skills, specific support needs and environmental resources would also enhance the evaluation of disability in autistic individuals. As currently employed in the assessment of intellectual disability, a multidimensional approach to autism could provide a more comprehensive system for classification of impairment. At present, however, there is no formal way to designate the combined effect of these different aspects of autism on a person's life. A comprehensive outlook that acknowledges impairments, capabilities, co-occurring conditions, and environmental factors would be useful for identifying subgroups of individuals as well as for determining individual needs and strengths in clinical assessments. Lay SummaryThe severity of a person's autism is currently defined based on the severity of their core autism symptoms: impaired social-communication and the presence of restricted or repetitive patterns of behaviors and interests. But autistic people often face additional challenges such as intellectual disability, epilepsy, and anxiety disorder, that considerably impact their everyday life, wellbeing, and the need for support. A more complete view of autism severity, one that includes core symptoms as well as additional challenges, could help identify meaningful subgroups of autistic individuals and could be useful in clinical care.

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Is quality of life related to high autistic traits, high ADHD traits and their Interaction? Evidence from a Young-Adult Community-Based twin sample

Cited by 9 publications

References 83 publications

Quality of life, functional impairment and continuous performance task event‐related potentials (ERPs) in young adults with ADHD and autism: A twin study

Quality of life, functional impairment and continuous performance task event‐related potentials (ERPs) in young adults with ADHD and autism: A twin study

Face processing in young adults with autism and ADHD: An event related potentials study

Autism severity and its relationship to disability

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