Is Postpartum Depression Different From Depression Occurring Outside of the Perinatal Period? A Review of the Evidence

Batt, Melissa M.; Duffy, Korrina A.; Novick, Andrew M.; Metcalf, Christina A.; Epperson, C. Neill

doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20190045

Cited by 74 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 179 publications

(265 reference statements)

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“…In addition to the postpartum period, the inclusion criteria were the birth of a living child, willingness to cooperate and informed consent. The research sample consisted of 584 women (mean age 30.6 ± 4.9, age range 16–44) at two to four days after giving birth, i.e., in the early postpartum period, when a rapid decrease in hormones affects CNS (Central Nervous System) function [ 25 ]. In total, 381 women (65.2%) came from Martin University Hospital and 203 women (34.8%) participated in Bratislava University Hospital.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global prevalence of PPD is approximately 17%, with significant heterogeneity across nations [ 24 ]. It is important to identify the risk of postpartum depression in a timely manner using effective screening tools, as PPD is associated with immediate and persistent adverse effects on maternal and offspring mortality and morbidity [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association between Birth Satisfaction and the Risk of Postpartum Depression

Urbanová

Škodová

Bašková

2021

IJERPH

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Negative experiences with childbirth might have a negative impact on a woman’s overall health, including a higher risk of postpartum depression. The aim of the study was to examine the association between birth satisfaction and the risk of postpartum depression (PPD). A 30-item version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale (BSS) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used, as well as the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The study included 584 women (mean age 30.6 ± 4.9), 2 to 4 days postpartum. In the regression model, the negative effect of birth satisfaction on the risk of postpartum depression was shown: a lower level of satisfaction with childbirth was a significant predictor of a higher risk of PPD (β = −0.18, 95% CI = −0.08; −0.03). The regression model was controlled for the effect of the sociodemographic factors (such as education or marital status) and clinical variables (such as parity, type of delivery, psychiatric history, levels of prenatal stress). Levels of prenatal stress (β = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.27; 0.39), psychiatric history (β = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.01; 3.09), parity (β = −0.12, 95% CI = −1.82; −0.32) and type of delivery (β = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.20; 1.94) were also significantly associated with the levels of postnatal depression. The current study confirmed the association between the level of birth satisfaction and the risk of developing PPD, i.e., a lower satisfaction with childbirth may increase the risk of developing PPD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Birth Satisfaction and the Risk of Postpartum Depression

Urbanová

Škodová

Bašková

2021

IJERPH

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“…(2), depression, anxiety, wellbeing, and quality of life improved faster in women in the Yoga group compared to the control group. Previous studies proposed that preconception Yoga is a suitable method in the management of depression during pregnancy and that Yoga may be more acceptable than medication by pregnant women (21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Yoga in Pregnancy on Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Context: Postpartum depression is a common condition, which is managed by antidepressants. Antidepressants are generally considered to be safe during breastfeeding, and the probability of exposure to antidepressants through breast milk is low to very low. Due to the beliefs of breastfeeding women that antidepressants may have side effects on infants, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is being investigated to play a role in the management of postpartum depression. Yoga is among the complementary therapies that showed preventive effects against depression in some age and disease groups. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of Yoga intervention on healthy pregnant women and its preventive effects on postpartum depression. Methods: Clinical databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Medlib, Web of Science, Psych Info, and Cochrane Library, as well as Google Scholar, were searched using search keywords, including pregnant women, women, maternal period, yoga, mindfulness, postpartum depression, and depression. Clinical trial, case-control, and cohort articles in English language that assessed the effects of Yoga on postpartum depression in healthy women were reviewed. Among the initial 982 identified studies, five studies (271 subjects) were eligible for the review. Due to the high heterogeneity in the studies, meta-analysis was not performed. Results: One study had medium quality, one study had good quality, and three studies had high quality. Yoga intervention included physical and mindfulness exercises and assessed mood and behavior during pregnancy. The intervention duration ranged between 6 and 24 weeks during pregnancy. In the majority of studies, Yoga intervention reduced postpartum depression and other mental disorders. Conclusions: Yoga may be a beneficial and safe choice in the management of postpartum depression in healthy pregnant women.

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“…Whether or not PPD is a distinct illness has been debated for more than 150 years [5]. Jean-Etienne Esquirol was one of the first physicians to provide descriptions of postpartum mental illness among women admitted to Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris [6].…”

Section: Evolution Of the Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is postpartum depression a clinically useful concept?

Sharma

2021

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

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Is Postpartum Depression Different From Depression Occurring Outside of the Perinatal Period? A Review of the Evidence

Cited by 74 publications

References 179 publications

The Association between Birth Satisfaction and the Risk of Postpartum Depression

The Association between Birth Satisfaction and the Risk of Postpartum Depression

Effects of Yoga in Pregnancy on Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review

Is postpartum depression a clinically useful concept?

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