Is periodontal disease a risk indicator for colorectal cancer? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Li, Weiqi; Xu, Jia‐Ying; Zhang, Ruya; Li, Yuting; Wang, Jiadai; Zhang, Xuan; Li, Lin

doi:10.1111/jcpe.13402

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In line with this, P. gingivalis serum antibody levels were positively correlated with mortality in CRC patients [ 145 ]. Furthermore, a meta-analysis demonstrated that periodontitis is associated with increased CRC risk [ 146 , 147 ]. Taken together, these investigations serve as evidence of the association between oral dysbiosis, oral–gut microbiome axis, and CRC pathogenesis.…”

Section: Oral–gut Microbiome Axis In Human Gi Diseases and Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral–Gut Microbiome Axis in Gastrointestinal Disease and Cancer

Park

Hwang

Lim

et al. 2021

Cancers

107

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It is well-known that microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with numerous diseases in the human body. The oral cavity and gut are the two largest microbial habitats, playing a major role in microbiome-associated diseases. Even though the oral cavity and gut are continuous regions connected through the gastrointestinal tract, the oral and gut microbiome profiles are well-segregated due to the oral–gut barrier. However, the oral microbiota can translocate to the intestinal mucosa in conditions of the oral–gut barrier dysfunction. Inversely, the gut-to-oral microbial transmission occurs as well in inter- and intrapersonal manners. Recently, it has been reported that oral and gut microbiomes interdependently regulate physiological functions and pathological processes. Oral-to-gut and gut-to-oral microbial transmissions can shape and/or reshape the microbial ecosystem in both habitats, eventually modulating pathogenesis of disease. However, the oral–gut microbial interaction in pathogenesis has been underappreciated to date. Here, we will highlight the oral–gut microbiome crosstalk and its implications in the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal disease and cancer. Better understanding the role of the oral–gut microbiome axis in pathogenesis will be advantageous for precise diagnosis/prognosis and effective treatment.

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Section: Oral–gut Microbiome Axis In Human Gi Diseases and Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral–Gut Microbiome Axis in Gastrointestinal Disease and Cancer

Park

Hwang

Lim

et al. 2021

Cancers

107

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“…Periodontitis, with an estimated 796 million severe cases globally in 2017, is a common oral inflammatory condition that induces periodontal bone loss and consequential tooth loss and acts as a risk factor for systemic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer, owing to the presence of bacteremia and inflammation (206)(207)(208). P. gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum are frequently detected pathogens in chronic periodontitis, as is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in localized aggressive periodontitis (133,209,210).…”

Section: Inflammasomes In Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss

Ling

Jiang

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Bone remodeling is tightly controlled by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Fine tuning of the osteoclast–osteoblast balance results in strict synchronization of bone resorption and formation, which maintains structural integrity and bone tissue homeostasis; in contrast, dysregulated bone remodeling may cause pathological osteolysis, in which inflammation plays a vital role in promoting bone destruction. The alveolar bone presents high turnover rate, complex associations with the tooth and periodontium, and susceptibility to oral pathogenic insults and mechanical stress, which enhance its complexity in host defense and bone remodeling. Alveolar bone loss is also involved in systemic bone destruction and is affected by medication or systemic pathological factors. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the osteoimmunological mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of alveolar bone remodeling. The inflammasome is a supramolecular protein complex assembled in response to pattern recognition receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns, leading to the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of inflammatory responses. Pyroptosis downstream of inflammasome activation also facilitates the clearance of intracellular pathogens and irritants. However, inadequate or excessive activity of the inflammasome may allow for persistent infection and infection spreading or uncontrolled destruction of the alveolar bone, as commonly observed in periodontitis, periapical periodontitis, peri-implantitis, orthodontic tooth movement, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, nonsterile or sterile osteomyelitis of the jaw, and osteoporosis. In this review, we present a framework for understanding the role and mechanism of canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in the pathogenesis and development of etiologically diverse diseases associated with alveolar bone loss. Inappropriate inflammasome activation may drive alveolar osteolysis by regulating cellular players, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, periodontal ligament cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and adaptive immune cells, such as T helper 17 cells, causing increased osteoclast activity, decreased osteoblast activity, and enhanced periodontium inflammation by creating a pro-inflammatory milieu in a context- and cell type-dependent manner. We also discuss promising therapeutic strategies targeting inappropriate inflammasome activity in the treatment of alveolar bone loss. Novel strategies for inhibiting inflammasome signaling may facilitate the development of versatile drugs that carefully balance the beneficial contributions of inflammasomes to host defense.

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“…Periodontal disease produces inflammatory mediators and microbial products that can enter the systemic circulation through the mouth and reach distant organs [ 8 , 9 ]. Indeed, several studies have shown a link between periodontal disease and some frequent systemic pathologies [ 10 ] such as diabetes [ 11 ], cardiovascular disease [ 12 , 13 ], respiratory disease [ 14 ], obesity [ 15 ], cancer [ 16 , 17 ], and preterm birth (PTB) [ 7 ]. Vitamin D is a secosteroid that can be ascribed to steroid hormones if considering its biological effects on several tissues [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal Disease and Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnant Women: Which Correlation with Preterm and Low-Weight Birth?

Ferrillo

Migliario

Roccuzzo

et al. 2021

JCM

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Periodontal disease seems to be correlated with low vitamin D serum levels, preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW), although the literature still lacks a consensus. This study aimed to investigate this correlation in a cohort of pregnant women over 20 weeks of gestation from the University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy. We assessed serum levels of vitamin D and oral health status through the following indexes: Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), Plaque Control Record (PCR), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPTIN). Moreover, we assessed the number of PTB and LBW among the newborns. Out of 121 pregnant women recruited, 72 (mean age 29.91 ± 3.64 years) were included. There was a statistically significant correlation between preterm and OHI > 3 (p = 0.033), and between LBW and OHI > 3 (p = 0.005) and CPITN = 3 (p = 0.027). Both pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency ((25-hydroxy-vitamin D) < 30 ng/mL) and PTB plus LBW newborns were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with poor levels of all oral health status indexes during pregnancy. Furthermore, these conditions (women with hypovitaminosis D and combination of PTB and LBW) were shown to be significantly correlated (p < 0.001). Taken together, our findings reported a high prevalence of PTB and LBW with poor oral health and vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women.

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Is periodontal disease a risk indicator for colorectal cancer? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 25 publications

References 42 publications

Oral–Gut Microbiome Axis in Gastrointestinal Disease and Cancer

Oral–Gut Microbiome Axis in Gastrointestinal Disease and Cancer

Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss

Periodontal Disease and Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnant Women: Which Correlation with Preterm and Low-Weight Birth?

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