Is perceived stress linked to enhanced cognitive functioning and reduced risk for psychopathology? Testing the hormesis hypothesis

Oshri, Assaf; Cui, Zehua; Carvalho, Cory; Liu, Sihong

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114644

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…However, beyond a statistical test with a curvilinear function, a delineated model of what steeling is and how to test it is lacking. In addition, empirical evidence of steeling is limited (Arbel et al, 2020), or rare (Davies et al, 2021; Oshri et al, 2022), and the underlying mechanisms are seldom specified. Accordingly, a restricted search of the non-clinical literature of studies published over the last 10 years (2012–2022) that used curvilinear tests concerning stress and resilience yields 14 out of 2566 studies (see Table 1).…”

Section: Psychosocial Stressors Stress and The Hormesis Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such contexts can buffer the effects of the stressor from becoming severe and toxic. For example, low-to-moderate levels of perceived stress can potentiate benefits in working memory performance via curvilinear neural activation effects among young adults with access to increased psychological and social resources (Oshri et al, 2022).…”

Section: Developmental Timing and Contexts For Hormesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Hormesis Model for Building Resilience Through Adversity: Attention to Mechanism in Developmental Context

Oshri

2022

Review of General Psychology

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In developmental science, resilience refers to children and youths’ ability to recover and pursue positive development in the face of stress related to adversity. Extant research has documented protective factors and ecological contexts that mitigate the impact of adversity and thereby promote resilience. One intriguing aspect of resilience is that individuals also develop strength in response to early adversity. However, very little theoretical guidance exists on the developmental mechanisms and contexts through which early adversity may lead to strengthening effects that confer the process of resilience. The strengthening mechanism in the context of specific circumscribed environmental stress is a process known in the field of toxicology as hormesis. It is proposed here that the study of resilience in developmental and psychological sciences can benefit from shifting more attention to the hormesis model. The hormesis model is reviewed and discussed as a promising perspective on mechanisms, developmental timing, and context through which adversity strengthens or impedes resilience.

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Section: Psychosocial Stressors Stress and The Hormesis Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Developmental Timing and Contexts For Hormesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hormesis Model for Building Resilience Through Adversity: Attention to Mechanism in Developmental Context

Oshri

2022

Review of General Psychology

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“…In favor of this interpretation, cortisol concentrations measured in adolescents were the lowest in individuals experiencing moderate socioeconomic and psychosocial adversity, but higher in individuals reporting low or high adversity [ 247 ]. Moreover, low-to-moderate stress perceived by young adults correlates with optimal cognitive performance and reduced psychopathological symptoms [ 248 ]. Thus, in a well-tempered/medium range, negative life experiences and perceived stress may have a beneficial effect.…”

Section: Hallmark 7: Hormetic Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The missing hallmark of health: psychosocial adaptation

López-Otín,

Kroemer

2024

CST

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The eight biological hallmarks of health that we initially postulated (Cell. 2021 Jan 7;184(1):33-63) include features of spatial compartmentalization (integrity of barriers, containment of local perturbations), maintenance of homeostasis over time (recycling & turnover, integration of circuitries, rhythmic oscillations) and an array of adequate responses to stress (homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, repair & regeneration). These hallmarks affect all eight somatic strata of the human body (molecules, organelles, cells, supracellular units, organs, organ systems, systemic circuitries and meta-organism). Here we postulate that mental and socioeconomic factors must be added to this 8×8 matrix as an additional hallmark of health (“psychosocial adaptation”) and as an additional stratum (“psychosocial interactions”), hence building a 9×9 matrix. Potentially, perturbation of each of the somatic hallmarks and strata affects psychosocial factors and vice versa. Finally, we discuss the (patho)physiological bases of these interactions and their implications for mental health improvement.

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“…However, not every adverse environment type, severity, or developmental timing may trigger strengthening effects. We suggest that modeling linear models on the impact of adverse life environments on human development outcomes may miss nonlinear salubrious and protective effects (Davies et al, 2022;Oshri et al, 2022;Oshri, 2023). For example, over time the process of resilience may emerge in response and not despite exposure to specific types or certain levels of adversity (i.e., strengthening effects).…”

Section: Prologuementioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening through adversity: The hormesis model in developmental psychopathology

Oshri,

Howard,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Dev Psychopathol

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Background: Employing a developmental psychopathology framework, we tested the utility of the hormesis model in examining the strengthening of children and youth through limited levels of adversity in relation to internalizing and externalizing outcomes within a brain-by-development context. Methods: Analyzing data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study (N = 11,878), we formed latent factors of threat, deprivation, and unpredictability. We examined linear and nonlinear associations between adversity dimensions and youth psychopathology symptoms and how change of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the default mode network (DMN) from Time 1 to Time 5 moderates these associations. Results: A cubic association was found between threat and youth internalizing problems; low-to-moderate family conflict levels reduced these problems. Deprivation also displayed a cubic relation with youth externalizing problems, with moderate deprivation levels associated with fewer problems. Unpredictability linearly increased both problem types. Change in DMN rsFC significantly moderated the cubic link between threat levels and internalizing problems, with declining DMN rsFC levels from Time 1 to Time 5 facilitating hormesis. Hormetic effects peaked earlier, emphasizing the importance of sensitive periods and developmental timing of outcomes related to earlier experiences. Conclusions: Strengthening through limited environmental adversity is crucial for developing human resilience. Understanding this process requires considering both linear and nonlinear adversity-psychopathology associations. Testing individual differences by brain and developmental context will inform preventive intervention programming.

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Is perceived stress linked to enhanced cognitive functioning and reduced risk for psychopathology? Testing the hormesis hypothesis

Cited by 12 publications

References 100 publications

The Hormesis Model for Building Resilience Through Adversity: Attention to Mechanism in Developmental Context

The Hormesis Model for Building Resilience Through Adversity: Attention to Mechanism in Developmental Context

The missing hallmark of health: psychosocial adaptation

Strengthening through adversity: The hormesis model in developmental psychopathology

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