“…In the majority of studies, 'investment in IT' was defined as national investment in hardware, value of IT 'stock' for the sampled years, other national statistics of dollar investments in IT, corporate budgets for hardware and software, or whatever the sampled firms defined in their own accounting as IT expenditures. While many economists used a variety of methods to measure growth in productivity [5,7,9,10,19,23,[32][33][34][35][36], many spoke of it in a more general manner. Under the umbrella of 'productivity', they have measured profitability, revenue, market value of the firm, return on investment on individual projects, and performance, defined differently as a mix of many of these measurements or a combination thereof.…”