Is obsessive–compulsive personality disorder related to stress‐related exhaustion?

Gulin, Susanne; Ellbin, Susanne; Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg H.; Bagge, Ann‐Sophie Lindqvist

doi:10.1002/brb3.2171

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“… 22 Those who had not recovered from exhaustion disorder reported higher incidence of obsessive–compulsive personality disorder compared with those who had recovered. 29 Two studies report that quantitative work demands were the most prevalent stressors for individuals with exhaustion disorder, 26 , 30 followed by private relational conflicts. 30 In a prospective medical chart study, Skoglund et al 33 investigated whether antidepressant medication was associated with sick leave during a 12-month period but found no such association.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 13 studies included in this category, seven were cross-sectional and described self-rated symptoms and experiences. 22,[26][27][28][29]31,32 Four longitudinal cohort studies explored within-group symptom progression over time, [23][24][25]33 of which one was based on medical chart data. 33 Another two studies investigated symptoms 21 and stressors 30 as reported in medical charts for individuals diagnosed with exhaustion disorder.…”

Section: Symptoms Course and Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exhaustion disorder: scoping review of research on a recently introduced stress-related diagnosis

et al. 2022

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Background Symptoms related to chronic stress are prevalent and entail high societal costs, yet there is a lack of international consensus regarding diagnostics and treatment. A new stress-related diagnosis, exhaustion disorder, was introduced into the Swedish version of ICD-10 in 2005. Since then, use of the diagnosis has increased rapidly. Aims To create the first comprehensive synthesis of research on exhaustion disorder to report on the current state of knowledge. Preregistration: Open Science Framework (osf.io), doi 10.17605/OSF.IO/VFDKW. Method A PRISMA-guided scoping review of all empirical studies of exhaustion disorder was conducted. Searches were run in the MEDLINE, PsycInfo and Web of Science databases. Data were systematically charted and thematically categorised based on primary area of investigation. Results Eighty-nine included studies were sorted into six themes relating to lived experience of exhaustion disorder (n = 9), symptom presentation and course (n = 13), cognitive functioning (n = 10), biological measures (n = 24), symptom measurement scales (n = 4) and treatment (n = 29). Several studies indicated that individuals with exhaustion disorder experience a range of psychiatric and somatic symptoms beyond fatigue, but robust findings within most thematic categories were scarce. The limited number of studies, lack of replication of findings and methodological limitations (e.g. small samples and scarcity of specified primary outcomes) preclude firm conclusions about the diagnostic construct. Conclusions More research is needed to build a solid knowledge base for exhaustion disorder. International collaboration regarding the conceptualisation of chronic stress and fatigue is warranted to accelerate the growth of evidence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Symptoms Course and Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaustion disorder: scoping review of research on a recently introduced stress-related diagnosis

et al. 2022

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“…Several other factors could also be related to long-term exhaustion and should be explored, one being personality traits. Thus, a recent study from our research group found that obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), assessed by a self-reported screening questionnaire, was significantly more common among patients with ED who had not recovered 7-10 years after diagnosis compared to former ED patients that had recovered [34]. Taken together, it is plausible that, for some individuals, both personality traits and external stressors contribute to the long-term exhaustion to different degrees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The role of self-reported stressors in recovery from Exhaustion Disorder: a longitudinal study

et al. 2022

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Background Exhaustion disorder (ED) is a stress-induced disorder characterized by physical and mental symptoms of exhaustion that can be long-lasting. Although stress exposure is essential for the development of ED, little is known regarding the role of stressors in the maintenance of ED. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of work-related stressors, private-related stressors, and adverse childhood experiences in long-term recovery from ED. Methods A mixed methods design was used. The design was sequential, and data analysis was performed in two parts, where the first part consisted of qualitative analysis of patient records, and the second part consisted of statistical analysis of the data retrieved from the qualitative coding. Patient records from 150 patients with ED was analysed regarding work-related stressors, private-related stressors, and adverse childhood experiences. For each patient, two patient records were analysed, one from the time of diagnosis (baseline) and one from the follow-up clinical assessment, 7–12 years after diagnosis (follow-up). Out of the 150 patients, 51 individuals still fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for ED at follow-up (ED group) and 99 individuals no longer fulfilled the diagnostic criteria and were thus considered recovered (EDrec). Percentages in each group (ED and EDrec) reporting each stressor at baseline and follow-up were calculated as well as the differences in percentage points between the groups along with the 95% confidence intervals for the differences. Results At baseline, significantly more EDrec patients reported quantitative demands (73% EDrec, 53% ED) and managerial responsibilities (14% EDrec, 2% ED). Private-related stressors did not differ at baseline. At follow-up, significantly more ED patients reported managerial responsibilities (8 ED, 0% EDrec) and caregiver stress (child) (24% ED, 6% EDrec) and significantly more EDrec patients reported caregiver stress (parent) (6% EDrec, 0% ED). There were no differences regarding adverse childhood experiences. Conclusions The main conclusion is that neither adverse childhood experiences nor any of the stressors at baseline are associated with long-term ED. Ongoing stressors related to having responsibility for other people, such as managerial responsibilities or caring for a child with a chronic disease or psychiatric disorder, may be associated with long-term exhaustion.

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“…Another aspect connected to the first theme “it’s about who I am” is the struggle described by the patients regarding the perfectionism ( Frost et al, 1990 ; Noordik et al, 2011 ; Bovornusvakool et al, 2012 ; Hill and Curran, 2016 ; Gulin et al, 2021 ). One negative consequence of perfectionism and overperformance is the influence it can have on the recovery process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Who I Am Now, Is More Me.” An Interview Study of Patients’ Reflections 10 Years After Exhaustion Disorder

2021

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Aim: To achieve a deeper understanding of the patient’s perception regarding individual aspects related to the development of exhaustion, hindering and supporting factors in the recovery process, and potential remaining consequences, 7–12 years after receiving an exhaustion disorder diagnosis.Participants and Methods: Twenty patients previously diagnosed with and treated for exhaustion disorder were interviewed 7–12 years after onset of the disease. The semi-structured interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed with inductive content analysis.Results: Three main themes with patterns of shared meaning resulted from the analysis: “it’s about who I am,” “becoming a more authentic me,” and “the struggle never ends.” The interviewees described rehabilitation from exhaustion disorder as the start of an important personal development toward a truer and more authentic self-image. They perceived this as an ongoing long-lasting process where learned behavior and thought patterns related to overcommitment and overcompliance needed to be re-evaluated. The results also convey long-term consequences such as cognitive difficulties and reduces energy, uncertainty about one’s own health, and the need to prioritize among one’s relationships.Conclusion: Patients with exhaustion disorder are still struggling with dysfunctional strategies and functional impairments such as cognitive problems which limit their lives, 10 years after receiving their exhaustion disorder diagnosis. While informants describe some positive consequences of ED, the results also emphasize the importance of acknowledging that the patients are embedded in systems of relationships, in working life as well as in family life. This needs to be considered, together with other aspects, when working toward prevention of stress-related mental health problems.

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Is obsessive–compulsive personality disorder related to stress‐related exhaustion?

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Exhaustion disorder: scoping review of research on a recently introduced stress-related diagnosis

Exhaustion disorder: scoping review of research on a recently introduced stress-related diagnosis

The role of self-reported stressors in recovery from Exhaustion Disorder: a longitudinal study

“Who I Am Now, Is More Me.” An Interview Study of Patients’ Reflections 10 Years After Exhaustion Disorder

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