Is obesity a risk to depression? A cross-sectional study

Garg, Rajat; Saxena, Sachin Kumar; Bashir, Sabreen

doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_59_19

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A recent study in India reported similar findings. They recommended lifestyle modifications and mental health promotion programs as the primary intervention for obese people with a mild risk of developing depression [ 15 ]. They also recommended psychological counseling for obese participants with moderate to severe risk for depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, A cross-sectional study was done in 2019 to measure the association between obesity and depression. The study concluded a significant association between these two variables and advanced age (p=0.008) [ 15 ]. Furthermore, another study was done in Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia, reported a significant association between obesity and psychological stress, which was more marked in participants above 30 [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association Between Depression and Obesity Among Adults in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Almarhoon¹,

Almubarak²,

Alramdhan³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Background: Depression is a primary cause of disability-adjusted life years lost globally. It is a common mental disorder with roughly more than 264 million adults affected. Obesity is another major health problem affecting more than 650 million adults worldwide. The presence of depression and obesity, along with each other, is associated with more negative health outcomes.Objectives: To explore the correlation between depression and obesity among adults in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and analyze this association with other variables, including patients' demographics, body mass index (BMI), and presence of chronic and psychiatric illness.Method: A cross-sectional study was done in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. A total number of 711 participants were enrolled. Arabic version of Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used. Body mass index (BMI) scores were used to classify participants into underweight, average weight, overweight, and obese.Result: It was found that 41.7% of the obese participants have moderate to severe depression, and this result was statistically significant (P = 0.027, 95% CI 1.69-1.98). The prevalence was more marked among young participants (P = 0.001). Other variables such as marital status, the presence of a chronic illness, psychiatric disorders, regular intake of medications, effect of depressive symptoms on daily activity, and the number of years diagnosed with obesity and depression all showed a statistically significant association in the presence of comorbidity of obesity and depression (P < 0.05). Conclusion:The association between depression and obesity is most prominent in young adults aged between 18 to 25 years (11.2%), being single (12.8%), having a BMI of 30 or more for 10 years or more (45.4%), the presence of associated chronic illnesses (17.6%), the presence of associated psychiatric disorder (18.3%) and intake of regular medications (18.3%). Depression and obesity are major health challenges worldwide. Many studies were done to assess the relationship between obesity and depression, but only a few were conducted in Saudi Arabia. This study was done to investigate this relationship. It will help raise awareness about the comorbidity of depression and obesity to address preventative and therapeutic measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Depression and Obesity Among Adults in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Almarhoon¹,

Almubarak²,

Alramdhan³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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“…They revealed that among overweight participants, 12% had depression, whereas 23% of depression was seen in obese participants [ 24 ]. A cross-sectional study by Garg et al from India reported that 12% of participants had moderate depression, whereas 54% had mild depression [ 25 ]. Our results were supported by a cross-sectional study from Abha, Saudi Arabia, which found that 42.7% of participants had moderate to severe depression [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Depression and Obesity Among Adults in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 2022

Alkharji¹,

Alharbi²,

Bakhsh³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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BackgroundDepression has emerged as a significant contributor to the worldwide loss of disability-adjusted life years. Simultaneously, obesity is regarded as a substantial global health issue. The co-existence of depression and obesity can further exacerbate negative health outcomes. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and obesity in adult populations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Further, the study aimed to examine the impact of confounding variables and their association with depression and obesity. MethodsThis analytical cross-sectional study utilized an interviewer-assisted questionnaire to collect data from adult participants aged 18 y/o or older attending primary healthcare centers at the Ministry of Health in Jeddah. The study was conducted at primary healthcare centers in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire included information on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, weight and height, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) tool for assessing the incidence of depression. ResultsA total of 397 individuals were included in the study with more than 50% of the participants between 26 and 45 years. The majority of the participants were males in the study (56.9%). The self-reported chronic diseases by the participants included diabetes mellites (25.9%), hypertension (23.7%), and dyslipidemia (19.9%). The study found that 12.8% of respondents had depression, 11.1% had anxiety, and 2.5% had obsessive-compulsive disorder. A total of 29.7% of participants had a PHQ-9 score of 10 or more. A significant negative linear correlation was found between the PHQ-9 score of the participants and their body mass index (BMI) results. However, this association did not remain significant when the chi-square test was used. Moreover, diabetes mellites and hypertension among the study sample were significantly associated with moderate to severe depression (p-values = .006 and = .005, respectively). The PHQ-9 score was negatively correlated with the participants' BMI, with a coefficient of -.190 (p-value < .001). ConclusionIn the current study, the majority of obese participants displayed symptoms of depression ranging from mild to moderate. However, no significant correlation was established between depression and BMI.

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“…Although there are reasons to support that antidepressants may increase the risk of breast cancer, the results of many clinical trials have yielded different results. This may have been confounded by a number of confounding factors, for example, depression and obesity are often combined, and obesity is a high risk factor for breast cancer [ 11 – 13 ]. It may be that people taking antidepressants have high risk factors such as alcohol abuse and high BMI levels that can cause breast cancer [ 14 ], which are difficult to avoid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between antidepressants and breast cancer: evidence from Mendelian randomization

Dong

Yan

et al. 2023

Cancer Causes Control

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Background The use of antidepressants has increased over the years, but the relationship between antidepressant use and the risk of breast cancer is not uniform because of confounding factors. We aimed to assess the effect of antidepressants on breast cancer risk using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.stet Methods Secondary data analysis was performed on pooled data from genome-wide association studies based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms that were highly correlated with antidepressants, SSRI drugs, and serotonin and prolactin levels were selected as instrumental variables to evaluate the association between antidepressants and SSRI drugs and prolactin levels with breast cancer and ER+/ER- breast cancer. We then performed a test of the hypothesis that SSRI drugs elevate prolactin concentrations. We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median methods, respectively. Results There was no significant risk association between antidepressant and SSRI use and the development of breast cancer, ER-positive or ER-negative breast cancer (P > 0.05), and serotonin concentration was not associated with breast cancer risk (P > 0.05). There was a positive causal relationship between prolactin levels and breast cancer (IVW, P = 0.02, OR = 1.058) and ER-positive breast cancer (Weighted median, P = 0.043, OR = 1.141; IVW, P = 0.009, OR = 1.125). Results in SSRI medication and prolactin levels showed no association between SSRI analogs and prolactin levels (P > 0.05). Conclusion Large MR analysis showed that antidepressants as well as SSRI drugs were not associated with breast cancer risk and the SSRI-prolactin-breast cancer hypothesis did not hold in our analysis.

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Is obesity a risk to depression? A cross-sectional study

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

The Association Between Depression and Obesity Among Adults in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

The Association Between Depression and Obesity Among Adults in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

The Association Between Depression and Obesity Among Adults in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 2022

The relationship between antidepressants and breast cancer: evidence from Mendelian randomization

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