Is nonverbal behavior in patients and interviewers relevant to the assessment of depression and its recovery? A study with Dutch and Brazilian patients

Fiquer, Juliana Teixeira; Moreno, Ricardo Alberto; Canales, Janette Zamudio; Cavalcanti, André; Gorenstein, Clarice

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.053

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…On the contrary, Fiquer et al [ 36 ] studied nonverbal variables such as speaking effort, encouragement, attunement, and change in attunement, and found no association between these behaviors and the severity of depression. Finally, several recent studies achieved classifying depression with high accuracy using video analysis with head and facial movements [ 34 , 42 ], only head movement [ 33 ], facial expressivity [ 41 ], or with head pose and eye activity [ 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But more than the valence, it seems that it is the affiliative behaviors that are impacted, supporting a social withdrawal [38,39]. In fact, certain patterns of behavior when interacting with others may predict the severity of symptoms or treatment response [36,59,[80][81][82][83]. Finally, physiological measures are mainly lowered for both HRV (ie, HF, LF, VLF, and time domains) [66] and EDA (ie, SCR and SCL) [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital Phenotyping for Differential Diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode: Narrative Review

Ettore¹,

Müller²,

Hinze³

et al. 2023

JMIR Ment Health

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Background Major depressive episode (MDE) is a common clinical syndrome. It can be found in different pathologies such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or even occur in the context of psychological trauma. However, only 1 syndrome is described in international classifications (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition [DSM-5]/International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision [ICD-11]), which do not take into account the underlying pathology at the origin of the MDE. Clinical interviews are currently the best source of information to obtain the etiological diagnosis of MDE. Nevertheless, it does not allow an early diagnosis and there are no objective measures of extracted clinical information. To remedy this, the use of digital tools and their correlation with clinical symptomatology could be useful. Objective We aimed to review the current application of digital tools for MDE diagnosis while highlighting shortcomings for further research. In addition, our work was focused on digital devices easy to use during clinical interview and mental health issues where depression is common. Methods We conducted a narrative review of the use of digital tools during clinical interviews for MDE by searching papers published in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases since February 2010. The search was conducted from June to September 2021. Potentially relevant papers were then compared against a checklist for relevance and reviewed independently for inclusion, with focus on 4 allocated topics of (1) automated voice analysis, behavior analysis by (2) video and physiological measures, (3) heart rate variability (HRV), and (4) electrodermal activity (EDA). For this purpose, we were interested in 4 frequently found clinical conditions in which MDE can occur: (1) MDD, (2) BD, (3) PTSD, and (4) psychological trauma. Results A total of 74 relevant papers on the subject were qualitatively analyzed and the information was synthesized. Thus, a digital phenotype of MDE seems to emerge consisting of modifications in speech features (namely, temporal, prosodic, spectral, source, and formants) and in speech content, modifications in nonverbal behavior (head, hand, body and eyes movement, facial expressivity, and gaze), and a decrease in physiological measurements (HRV and EDA). We not only found similarities but also differences when MDE occurs in MDD, BD, PTSD, or psychological trauma. However, comparative studies were rare in BD or PTSD conditions, which does not allow us to identify clear and distinct digital phenotypes. Conclusions Our search identified markers from several modalities that hold promise for helping with a more objective diagnosis of MDE. To validate their potential, further longitudinal and prospective studies are needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Phenotyping for Differential Diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode: Narrative Review

Ettore¹,

Müller²,

Hinze³

et al. 2023

JMIR Ment Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…56,57 Interestingly, however, it was shown that the non-verbal behavior (e.g., eye contact, gestures, or shaking the head) of depressed patients changed little after this therapy measure, whereas speaking or the effort to speak increased. 58 The verbal communication behavior of depressed patients seems to have changed both quantitatively and qualitatively in the sense that more negative content is formulated. [59][60][61]…”

Section: Findings Concerning Interact; Boeviasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairments of Social Interaction in Depressive Disorder

Akıncı

Wieser

Vanscheidt

et al. 2022

Psychiatry Investig

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represents the internal emotional state (emotion) has also been investigated sufficiently. For instance, Juckel et al. [8][9][10][11][12] conducted a kinematic facial expression analysis by examining different groups of psychiatric patients with a motion detector and found differences in their facial expressions. Within the framework of an emotional induction experiment using "Mr. Bean" sketches, the kinematic detailed analysis of the laughing movement of depressive patients revealed significantly lower speed measures when compared to healthy study participants. In particular, patients with severe depressive symptoms showed the slowest initial speeds in the laughter movements. [13][14][15] Interestingly, the depressive patients also showed slower initial speeds than the healthy subjects. Hypomimia (reduced facial expressions) is considered to be the main characteristic of depressed patients and is discussed as essential for a deficit interactive dynamic. 5 However, the impairments of social interaction skills in depressive patients are diverse. A review by Kupferberg et al. 15 showed that these deficits of social interaction skills manifest themselves in reduced motivation to communicate, lack of cooperativeness, and ultimately dysfunctional interaction behavior. Depression-related alterations in the perception of emotions and emotion processing, as well as cognitive and metacognitive processes have been discussed as being responsible for this. [16][17][18]

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What is the nonverbal communication of depression? Assessing expressive differences between depressive patients and healthy volunteers during clinical interviews

Fiquer

Moreno

Brunoni

et al. 2018

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Is nonverbal behavior in patients and interviewers relevant to the assessment of depression and its recovery? A study with Dutch and Brazilian patients

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Digital Phenotyping for Differential Diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode: Narrative Review

Digital Phenotyping for Differential Diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode: Narrative Review

Impairments of Social Interaction in Depressive Disorder

What is the nonverbal communication of depression? Assessing expressive differences between depressive patients and healthy volunteers during clinical interviews

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