Is neuroticism differentially associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia?

Terracciano, Antonio; Aschwanden, Damaris; Passamonti, Luca; Toschi, Nicola; Stéphan, Yannick; Luchetti, Martina; Lee, Ji Hyun; Sesker, Amanda A.; Ó’Súilleabháin, Páraic S; Sutin, Angelina R.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.039

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Although these pathways may be more plausible in relation to chronic schizophrenia, they could also apply to those with VLOSLP, some of whom may have had longstanding subthreshold psychotic symptoms or schizotypal traits prior to VLOSLP diagnosis (Kay & Roth, 1961 ). In addition, stress and shared personality factors, including high levels of neuroticism, could partially account for these associations, having been identified as predictors of both schizophrenia (Howes et al, 2004 ; Lonnqvist et al, 2009 ; Van Os & Jones, 2001 ) and dementia (Johansson et al, 2010 ; Sindi et al, 2017 ; Terracciano et al, 2021 ). The relationship between VLOSLP and dementia could also reflect shared genetic vulnerabilities (Lyketsos & Peters, 2015 ), although a recent study using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing found that, among community-dwelling adults aged >50 years, polygenic score for schizophrenia was associated with cognitive impairment at baseline, but not cognitive decline over 10 years of follow-up (Kępińska et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between risk of dementia and very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: a Swedish population-based cohort study

et al. 2021

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Background Although the incidence of psychotic disorders among older people is substantial, little is known about the association with subsequent dementia. We aimed to examine the rate of dementia diagnosis in individuals with very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP) compared to those without VLOSLP. Methods Using Swedish population register data, we established a cohort of 15 409 participants with VLOSLP matched by age and calendar period to 154 090 individuals without VLOSLP. Participants were born between 1920 and 1949 and followed from their date of first International Classification of Diseases [ICD], Revisions 8–10 (ICD-8/9/10) non-affective psychotic disorder diagnosis after age 60 years old (or the same date for matched participants) until the end of follow-up (30th December 2011), emigration, death, or first recorded ICD-8/9/10 dementia diagnosis. Results We found a substantially higher rate of dementia in individuals with VLOSLP [hazard ratio (HR): 4.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4.05–4.41]. Median time-to-dementia-diagnosis was 75% shorter in those with VLOSLP (time ratio: 0.25, 95% CI 0.24–0.26). This association was strongest in the first year following VLOSLP diagnosis, and attenuated over time, although dementia rates remained higher in participants with VLOSLP for up to 20 years of follow-up. This association remained after accounting for potential misdiagnosis (2-year washout HR: 2.22, 95% CI 2.10–2.36), ascertainment bias (HR: 2.89, 95% CI 2.75–3.04), and differing mortality patterns between groups (subdistribution HR: 2.89, 95% CI 2.77–3.03). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that individuals with VLOSLP represent a high-risk group for subsequent dementia. This may be due to early prodromal changes for some individuals, highlighting the importance of ongoing symptom monitoring in people with VLOSLP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between risk of dementia and very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: a Swedish population-based cohort study

et al. 2021

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“…The Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits (Costa, Jr. & McCrae, 1992) are central psychological constructs in theories of aging (Baltes et al, 2007; Baltes & Schaie, 2014; McCrae & Costa, 2006; Schroots, 1996) and robust predictors of AD and other forms of dementia (Aschwanden et al, 2021; Terracciano et al, 2021). They are consistent predictors of both subjective memory ratings and performance on memory tasks across the lifespan: Higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness tend to be associated with worse subjective memory ratings (Aschwanden, Sutin, et al, 2020; Luchetti et al, 2016; Pearman & Storandt, 2004) and worse performance on memory tasks (Allen et al, 2019; Klaming et al, 2017; Luchetti et al, 2016, 2021; Sutin et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The bite is worse than the bark: Associations of personality and depressive symptoms with memory discrepancy.

Aschwanden¹,

Sutin²,

Luchetti³

et al. 2022

Psychology and Aging

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The discrepancy between subjective memory rating and objective memory performance is the tendency to misestimate one's memory. For example, better self-rated memory compared to performance on memory tasks reflects an overestimation of one's memory. This discrepancy may shape how individuals cognitively age: Overestimating one's memory could mask incident cognitive decline and underestimation could act as a negative self-fulfilling prophecy. This study sought to examine the association between personality traits and depressive symptoms and memory discrepancy in five large samples of middle-aged and older adults (N > 23,000). We preregistered three hypotheses: neuroticism would be related to underestimation, extraversion to overestimation, and conscientiousness to higher accuracy. Controlling for sociodemographic covariates (age, gender, race, ethnicity, and education), results from regression models were pooled using random-effect meta-analyses. Openness was associated with underestimation of memory performance. Contrary to our hypothesis, neuroticism was related to overestimation. Surprisingly, depressive

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“…Although these pathways may be more plausible in relation to chronic schizophrenia, they could also apply to those with VLOSLP, some of whom may have had longstanding subthreshold psychotic symptoms or schizotypal traits prior to VLOSLP diagnosis (Kay & Roth, 1961). In addition, stress and shared personality factors, including high levels of neuroticism, could partially account for these associations, having been identified as predictors of both schizophrenia (Howes et al, 2004;Lonnqvist et al, 2009;Van Os & Jones, 2001) and dementia (Johansson et al, 2010;Sindi et al, 2017;Terracciano et al, 2021). The relationship between VLOSLP and dementia could also reflect shared genetic vulnerabilities (Lyketsos & Peters, 2015), although a recent study using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing found that, among community-dwelling adults aged >50 years, polygenic score for schizophrenia was associated with cognitive impairment at baseline, but not cognitive decline over 10 years of follow-up (Kępińska et al, 2020).…”

Section: Meaning Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between risk of dementia and very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: a Swedish population-based cohort study

Stafford¹,

Dykxhoorn²,

Sommerlad³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Aims: Although the incidence of psychotic disorders among older people is substantial, little is known about the association with subsequent dementia. We aimed to examine the rate of dementia diagnosis in individuals with VLOSLP compared to those without VLOSLP.Methods: Using Swedish population register data, we established a cohort of 15,409 participants with VLOSLP matched by age and calendar period to 154,090 individuals without VLOSLP. Participants were born between 1920-1949 and followed from their date of first International Classification of Diseases [ICD], Revisions 8-10 (ICD-8/9/10) non-affective psychotic disorder diagnosis after age 60 years old (or the same date for matched participants) until the end of follow-up (30th December 2011), emigration, death, or first recorded ICD-8/9/10 dementia diagnosis. Results: We found a substantially higher rate of dementia in individuals with VLOSLP (hazard ratio (HR):4·22, 95% confidence interval (95%CI):4·05-4·41). Median time-to-dementia-diagnosis was 75% shorter in those with VLOSLP (time ratio:0·25, 95%CI:0·24-0·26). This association was strongest in the first year following VLOSLP diagnosis, and attenuated over time, although dementia rates remained higher in participants with VLOSLP for up to 20 years of follow-up. This association remained after accounting for potential misdiagnosis (2-year washout HR:2·22, 95%CI:2·10-2·36), ascertainment bias (HR:2·89, 95%CI: 2·75-3·04), and differing mortality patterns between groups (subdistribution HR:2·89, 95%CI:2·77-3·03). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that individuals with VLOSLP represent a high-risk group for subsequent dementia. This may be due to early prodromal changes for some individuals, highlighting the importance of ongoing symptom monitoring in people with VLOSLP.

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Is neuroticism differentially associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia?

Cited by 37 publications

References 50 publications

Association between risk of dementia and very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: a Swedish population-based cohort study

Association between risk of dementia and very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: a Swedish population-based cohort study

The bite is worse than the bark: Associations of personality and depressive symptoms with memory discrepancy.

Association between risk of dementia and very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: a Swedish population-based cohort study

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