Is molecular xenomonitoring of mosquitoes for Dirofilaria repens suitable for dirofilariosis surveillance in endemic regions?

Masny, Aleksander; Salamatin, Rusłan; Rożej-Bielicka, Wioletta; Gołąb, Elżbieta

doi:10.1007/s00436-015-4767-6

Cited by 18 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Although our study does not focus on clarifying whether the collected mosquitoes were competent or noncompetent vectors, still it outlines potential vector species to be investigated in the future and provides sequence data on locally circulating Dirofilaria species among mosquitoes. Such sequence data from multiple geographic regions are essential for future in silico analyses and primer design (Masny et al 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First molecular identification of Dirofilaria spp. (Onchocercidae) in mosquitoes from Serbia

Kurucz

Kepner

Krtinić³

et al. 2016

Parasitol Res

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Dirofilariosis is a common and widespread veterinary health issue in several European countries with notable zoonotic potential. The causative agents are Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens nematoda species which are transmitted by different mosquito vectors. Similar to other mosquito-borne infections, the knowledge about mosquito species involved in disease transmission is crucial for the complex understanding of local transmission cycles. Since there is no available data on mosquito species, potentially involved in disease transmission from Serbia, 6369 female mosquito individuals were retrospectively tested for Dirofilaria nematodes, collected from 13 localities in Vojvodina province, Serbia, in 2013. Altogether, 8.33 % of tested pools showed positivity, composed of five mosquito species, mainly, Culex pipiens and Aedes vexans. D. immitis and D. repens were both detected from multiple localities, during the whole period of mosquito breeding season, which provides the first data on local transmission characteristics regarding mosquitoes from the Balkans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First molecular identification of Dirofilaria spp. (Onchocercidae) in mosquitoes from Serbia

Kurucz

Kepner

Krtinić³

et al. 2016

Parasitol Res

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“…Overall, due to the advantages it presents, xenomonitoring of mosquitoes for filarioid species has been largely used throughout Europe during the past decade [37–44]. However, the attained results may depend on the employed PCR techniques, without necessarily reflecting the actual epidemiological situation [44]. Surprisingly, in the present study, all mosquito pools were negative for filarial DNA, despite the high prevalence of Dirofilaria spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…vexans [10, 35, 36], which were trapped and examined in large numbers during the present study. Overall, due to the advantages it presents, xenomonitoring of mosquitoes for filarioid species has been largely used throughout Europe during the past decade [37–44]. However, the attained results may depend on the employed PCR techniques, without necessarily reflecting the actual epidemiological situation [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquitoes in the Danube Delta: searching for vectors of filarioid helminths and avian malaria

et al. 2017

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BackgroundMosquitoes are arthropods of major importance to animal and human health because they are able to transmit pathogenic agents such as filarioids (Spirurida), vector-borne nematodes, which reside in the tissues of vertebrates. In Europe, recent research has mostly focused on mosquito-borne zoonotic species, while others remain neglected. Mosquitoes are also vectors of avian malaria, which has an almost worldwide distribution, and is caused by several Plasmodium species and lineages, the most common being P. relictum. The Danube Delta region of Romania is one of the most important stopover sites for migratory birds. The local mosquito fauna is diverse and well represented, while filarial infections are known to be endemic in domestic dogs in this area. The aim of the present study was thus to assess the potential vector capacity for various filarial helminths and avian malaria of mosquitoes trapped in the Danube Delta.MethodsIn July 2015, mosquitoes were collected at seven sites located in and around a rural locality in the Danube Delta region of Romania, using CO2-baited traps and hand aspirators. Additionally, a trap was placed next to a microfilaremic dog co-infected with Dirofilaria repens and D. immitis. All randomly trapped mosquitoes were identified to the species level and pooled according to date, sampling site, and taxon. Three hundred individual mosquitoes sampled next to the microfilaremic dog were processed individually and divided into abdomen and thorax/head. Following DNA extraction, all samples were screened for the presence of DNA of filarioid helminths and avian malaria agents by PCR techniques.ResultsAll 284 pools (a total of 5855 mosquitoes) were negative for filarioid DNA. One pool of Culex modestus mosquitoes was positive for Plasmodium sp. lineage Donana03. In the individually extracted mosquitoes, one abdomen of Aedes vexans was positive for D. repens DNA, one thorax/head of Ae. vexans was positive for DNA of Setaria labiatopapillosa, and two thorax/head of Cx. pipiens f. pipiens were positive for P. relictum lineage pSGS1.ConclusionThe present study suggests the vector competence of Cx. modestus and Cx. pipiens for avian Plasmodium including pathogenic species P. relictum and Ae. vexans for mammalian filarioids. Moreover, it indicates the role of Cx. pipiens f. pipiens as a potential natural vector of P. relictum lineage pSGS1 in nature.

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“…(Czajka et al 2012; Latrofa et al 2012; Bocková et al 2013; Czajka et al 2014; Kronefeld et al 2014; Silbermayr et al 2014; Rudolf et al 2014; Zittra et al 2015; Kemenesi et al 2015; Șuleșco et al 2016a, b; Kurucz et al 2016; Masny et al 2016; Ionică et al 2017). The range of conclusions drawn from molecular xenomonitoring depends on the ability to adequately sample the vector population, accurately determine the infection status in the vector, and link infections in the vector population to infections in the human or animal populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detection of Setaria tundra and Dirofilaria spp. by PCR xenomonitoring of mosquitoes may serve as an example of molecular xenomonitoring applicability for indirect filariae presence detection in local populations of the vertebrate hosts (Czajka et al 2012; Latrofa et al 2012; Bocková et al 2013; Czajka et al 2014; Kronefeld et al 2014; Silbermayr et al 2014; Rudolf et al 2014; Zittra et al 2015; Kemenesi et al 2015; Șuleșco et al 2016a, b; Kurucz et al 2016; Masny et al 2016). Both S. tundra and Dirofilaria repens were detected in the same xenomonitoring studies (Czajka et al 2012; Kronefeld et al 2014; Zittra et al 2015; Kemenesi et al 2015), and in most cases, the detection of S. tundra was a result of xenomonitoring mosquitoes for Dirofilaria spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of mosquitoes for filarioid helminths in urban areas in south western Poland—common patterns in European Setaria tundra xenomonitoring studies

et al. 2018

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In recent years, numerous studies screening mosquitoes for filarioid helminths (xenomonitoring) have been performed in Europe. The entomological monitoring of filarial nematode infections in mosquitoes by molecular xenomonitoring might serve as the measure of the rate at which humans and animals expose mosquitoes to microfilariae and the rate at which animals and humans are exposed to the bites of the infected mosquitoes. We hypothesized that combining the data obtained from molecular xenomonitoring and phenological studies of mosquitoes in the urban environment would provide insights into the transmission risk of filarial diseases. In our search for Dirofilaria spp.-infected mosquitoes, we have found Setaria tundra-infected ones instead, as in many other European studies. We have observed that cross-reactivity in PCR assays for Dirofilaria repens, Dirofilaria immitis, and S. tundra COI gene detection was the rule rather than the exception. S. tundra infections were mainly found in Aedes mosquitoes. The differences in the diurnal rhythm of Aedes and Culex mosquitoes did not seem a likely explanation for the lack of S. tundra infections in Culex mosquitoes. The similarity of S. tundra COI gene sequences found in Aedes vexans and Aedes caspius mosquitoes and in roe deer in many European studies, supported by data on Ae. vexans biology, suggested host preference as the most likely cause of the mosquito genus-biased infections. High diversity of the COI gene sequences isolated in the city of Wroclaw in south western Poland and the presence of identical or almost identical sequences in mosquitoes and roe deer across Europe suggests that S. tundra has been established in most of Europe for a very long time.

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Is molecular xenomonitoring of mosquitoes for Dirofilaria repens suitable for dirofilariosis surveillance in endemic regions?

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

First molecular identification of Dirofilaria spp. (Onchocercidae) in mosquitoes from Serbia

First molecular identification of Dirofilaria spp. (Onchocercidae) in mosquitoes from Serbia

Mosquitoes in the Danube Delta: searching for vectors of filarioid helminths and avian malaria

Screening of mosquitoes for filarioid helminths in urban areas in south western Poland—common patterns in European Setaria tundra xenomonitoring studies

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