Is migration an effective adaptation to climate-related agricultural distress in sub-Saharan Africa?

Abstract

Migration is often considered a form of climate change adaptation by which individuals, households, and communities seek to reduce the risks associated with climate change. In this study, we examine first-time seasonal migration out of a village in North-Western Burkina Faso to neighbouring countries, triggered by more irregular rainfall patterns. Through a set of 52 qualitative interviews, we analyse the perceptions of migrants themselves as well as the sending community regarding migration consequences. Men migrated in the off-season, whereas women stayed behind. Most migrant men and wives of migrants perceive migration to have negative consequences for their socio-economic situation and their health. Despite this, a lack of options and deteriorating environmental conditions might force the men to move again. We interpreted the range of narratives provided by women and men against the background of the scientific literature on migration as climate change adaptation. While migration could be beneficial, this study challenges the notion of migration as an effective adaptation strategy for people in climate-vulnerable settings, who lack other options.

Ten new insights in climate science 2022

“…Given these challenges, the use of novel data and mixed-methods approaches for triangulation can be a valuable strategy for supporting more robust yet nuanced conclusions, especially as it is crucial to understand local specificities when it comes to policies and programmes. For example, while quantitative studies can identify larger patterns of climate mobility, a qualitative context analysis is necessary to elucidate local nuances (Boas et al, 2020; Lu et al, 2016; Vinke et al, 2022).…”

A review of drivers of environmental non-migration decisions in Africa

“…The decision to not migrate is triggered by the perception of community members that migration has negative consequences for their socio-economic situation and their health (Epule et al 2015;Vinke et al 2021). This evidence further shows that non-migration may become a feasible and increasingly contemplated option in many parts of Africa, especially if the trend of environmental disasters increase (Vinke et al 2021). Additionally, climate-induced nonmigration is shaped by the climate literacy levels of community members (Helbling et al 2021).…”

“…For instance, in North-Western Burkina Faso, Vinke et al (2021) established that not all people migrate in the face of climate-induced disasters; most women formed part of the non-migrant population under such climatic caprices.…”

Adapting to sea level rise: migration decisions and disaster mitigation strategies in small-scale fishing communities

“…However, as an adaptation strategy, its effectiveness may be limited, particularly for those who have limited other options. The efficacy of migration as a technique for adaptation is contingent upon a multitude of aspects, encompassing the accessibility of resources, social networks, and support structures within the designated regions [32].To ascertain the efficacy of migration as an adaptation strategy, it is crucial to thoroughly evaluate the unique context and conditions of each migration scenario [28].…”