Is Matang Mangrove Forest in Malaysia Sustainably Rejuvenating after More than a Century of Conservation and Harvesting Management?

Goessens, Arnaud; Satyanarayana, Behara; Stocken, Tom Van der; Quispe-Zuniga, Melissa R.; Mohd-Lokman, Husain; Ibrahim, Salihu; Dahdouh‐Guebas, Farid

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105069

Cited by 110 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…This regrowth may occur after illegal logging of mangrove wood, or after tree removal in sustainably managed mangrove forestry schemes, such as the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve in northwest Malaysia. The Matang Reserve is largely managed as a sustainable monoculture of one mangrove tree species (Rhizophora apiculata) to provide mangrove charcoal (28). It is likely that mangrove forest has established in areas where it was not present in 2000, but such expansions would not be recorded using our method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates and drivers of mangrove deforestation in Southeast Asia, 2000–2012

Richards

Friess

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

796

484

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The mangrove forests of Southeast Asia are highly biodiverse and provide multiple ecosystem services upon which millions of people depend. Mangroves enhance fisheries and coastal protection, and store among the highest densities of carbon of any ecosystem globally. Mangrove forests have experienced extensive deforestation owing to global demand for commodities, and previous studies have identified the expansion of aquaculture as largely responsible. The proportional conversion of mangroves to different land use types has not been systematically quantified across Southeast Asia, however, particularly in recent years. In this study we apply a combined geographic information system and remote sensing method to quantify the key proximate drivers (i.e., replacement land uses) of mangrove deforestation in Southeast Asia between 2000 and 2012. Mangrove forests were lost at an average rate of 0.18% per year, which is lower than previously published estimates. In total, more than 100,000 ha of mangroves were removed during the study period, with aquaculture accounting for 30% of this total forest change. The rapid expansion of rice agriculture in Myanmar, and the sustained conversion of mangroves to oil palm plantations in Malaysia and Indonesia, are identified as additional increasing and under-recognized threats to mangrove ecosystems. Our study highlights frontiers of mangrove deforestation in the border states of Myanmar, on Borneo, and in Indonesian Papua. To implement policies that conserve mangrove forests across Southeast Asia, it is essential to consider the national and subnational variation in the land uses that follow deforestation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates and drivers of mangrove deforestation in Southeast Asia, 2000–2012

Richards

Friess

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

796

484

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“…Mangrove forests are still used today for the production of timber and charcoal (e.g., Figure 4), either for local subsistence use [25] or through large state-controlled and commercial forestry concessions, for example in Malaysia [34] and West Papua, Indonesia [35]. Some of these sites are now Forestry Stewardship Council-certified in order to promote the sustainable use of forest timber resources.…”

Section: Timber and Fuelwood Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem Services and Disservices of Mangrove Forests: Insights from Historical Colonial Observations

Friess

2016

Forests

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Ecosystem services are now strongly applied to mangrove forests, though they are not a new way of viewing mangrove-people interactions; the benefits provided by such habitats, and the negative interactions (ecosystem disservices) between mangroves and people have guided perceptions of mangroves for centuries. This study quantified the ecosystem services and disservices of mangroves as written by colonial explorers from 1823-1883 through a literature survey of 96 expedition reports and studies. Ecosystem disservices were most commonly discussed (60%), with settlers considering mangroves as reservoirs of diseases such as malaria, with wide-ranging implications, such as the global drainage of wetlands in the 19th-20th centuries. Multiple ecosystem services were discussed, especially provisioning services for export, representing colonial views of new lands as ripe for economic use. Interestingly, regulating services of mangroves such as erosion control and sediment accretion that are a focus of much contemporary research were recognized as early as 1865. This study shows that the ecosystem service paradigm has a long history in mangroves. We should not underestimate mangrove ecosystem disservices, and how contemporary perceptions of mangroves may be influenced by such historical viewpoints. Archival materials provide a rich resource to study human-environment interactions, and how they change through time.

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“…Matang Mangrove Forest is under systematic management since 1902 and still considered as the best managed mangrove forest in the world. The present study on silvimetrics assessed the ongoing forest management, which includes a first thinning after 15 years, a second thinning after 20 years and clear-felling of 30-year old forest blocks, for its efficiency and productivity in comparison to natural mangroves (Goessens et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity and Cost Analysis of Forest Harvesting Operation in Matang Mangrove Forest, Perak, Malaysia

Tindit

Gandaseca

Nyangon

et al. 2017

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Matang Mangrove Forest is under systematic management since 1902 and still considered as the best managed mangrove forest in the world. This research was conducted to measure the time and productivity of forest harvesting operation and also to analyze the cost and revenue of mangrove forest harvesting operation at Matang mangrove forest. This project had been carried out in cooperation with Seri Sepetang Enterprise, one of the harvesting licenses in Kuala Sepetang, Perak. Data collections were taken in every station starting from standing tree until to the Kiln-Drying jetty. The data then calculated by using the formulas of productivity and cost analysis. As the result, the productivity for felling, bucking and debarking, the manual skidding using wheel-barrow and the water transportation are 1.84 tan/hour, 3.82 tan/hour and 4.64 tan/hour respectively. The cost for each operation of 9 tan log volume for felling, bucking and debarking, the manual skidding using wheel-barrow and the water transportation are RM 56.88, RM 10.80 and RM 36.72 respectively. As the revenue, the company paid RM 260 per 9 tan of log for the in-forest operation (felling, manual skidding and loading to the ship) and pay RM 80 per 9 tan for the water transportation, and they gained the net profit of RM 192.32 and RM 43.28 respectively. The average of forest harvesting operation is twice operation in a day (equal with 2 x 9-ton volume of log production a day), so they will gain a double profit. In conclusion, the forest harvesting operation is sustainably managed for supplying the raw material of charcoal industries in Matang mangrove forest. Since, they work manually and spend much energy in this forest harvesting operation, so for further study it recommends to conduct the ergonomics evaluation during forest harvesting operation at Matang Mangrove Forest.

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Is Matang Mangrove Forest in Malaysia Sustainably Rejuvenating after More than a Century of Conservation and Harvesting Management?

Cited by 110 publications

References 62 publications

Rates and drivers of mangrove deforestation in Southeast Asia, 2000–2012

Rates and drivers of mangrove deforestation in Southeast Asia, 2000–2012

Ecosystem Services and Disservices of Mangrove Forests: Insights from Historical Colonial Observations

Productivity and Cost Analysis of Forest Harvesting Operation in Matang Mangrove Forest, Perak, Malaysia

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