Is masculinity ‘deteriorating’ in China? Changes of masculinity representation in Chinese film posters from 1951 to 2016

Hu, Lingshu

doi:10.1080/09589236.2017.1399867

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It proves Fincher's (2016) argument that the ACWF exists to prevent the emergence of any independent women's movement, not to provide a platform for the voice of women. Moreover, this research agrees with scholars on Chinese fatherhood (Hu, 2018;Li, 2018) that education has become a key role of transforming fatherhood, with a diminished preference for sons in the reform era.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Official Discourse on Family and Fatherhood in Post-1949 China

Tan

2020

mcs

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This paper aims to investigate three main research questions regarding the history of family and fatherhood in China since 1949: a) What 'ideal father' has the party-state sought to promote at different times? b) How consistent have official messages been? What have been the key shifts in official discourse on family and fatherhood since the Mao era? c) Why have these shifts occurred? Analysis of selected policy statements and print media reveal four main phases, with distinct findings in each. During the period of collectivization (1950s to 70s), the Communist Party of China (CPC) adopted the nationalist model of parenting. Fathers were explicitly suggested to devote themselves to economic development. During the period of de-collectivization (late 1970s to mid-1990s), CPC adopted an individualist model of parenting. There was increasing encouragement for father's participant in child education. During the period of marketization (mid 1990s to 2011), CPC promoted a state-supported model of parenting. Father's active participation in household duties was more expected. During the period of individualization (2012 to the present), China set up community model of parenting. Father's dual role of nurturer and provider is more emphasized.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Official Discourse on Family and Fatherhood in Post-1949 China

Tan

2020

mcs

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“…For example, Eagly et al (2020) meta-analysis about gender stereotypes have demonstrated that the perception of women's advantage in affect and emotion and the perception of equality in competence increased over time. Hu's (2018) study shows that the media representation of Chinese men has become "softer" and more diverse in China since 1951. In addition, changes might also happen in individuals' different life cycles.…”

Section: Gender Differences In Political Discussion: An Intergroup Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered Tweets: Computational Text Analysis of Gender Differences in Political Discussion on Twitter

Kearney

2020

Journal of Language and Social Psychology

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Politics is an area that is traditionally believed to be gender divided. According to intergroup communication theory, this gender-salient context might cause differences in political communications between genders. Moreover, the internet and social media, which creates a computer-mediated interactive context, might also impact the traditional gender discrepancies in political discourse. This study used Twitter trace-data and computational text analysis to examine such suppositions. By analyzing over one million tweets, we found that compared to men, women generally had a stronger sense of group awareness and cohesion and showed a desire to promote their tweets while avoiding addressing other users in political discussions. Women also focused on family- and home-related issues more than men did. These findings suggest that Twitter is not an ideal public sphere where differences and inequalities are eliminated, but it might be a counter-public sphere that promotes the voices and increases the publicity of marginalized groups.

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“…Such emergent soft masculinity embedded in the idol image of ‘Azhong-Brother’ has become a popular trend in the depictions of both heterosexual and homosexual men in recent years (Wang et al, 2019), and challenges the soldier image of Azhong-Brother with the normative and traditional hegemonic masculinity in China (e.g. ‘yanggangzhiqi’ or ‘wu’ attribute; Louie, 2002) that emphasizes physical power and assertiveness (Hu, 2018; Louie, 2012). From the perspective of this ‘soft versus hegemonic’ masculinity, we believe that the images of Azhong-Brother embodied two contrasting masculinities, causing the symbolic contestation within this symbol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Homeland-Mother to Azhong-Brother: a qualitative study of nation anthropomorphism among Chinese youths

Dong

Yan-ru

et al. 2022

Media, Culture & Society

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Nation anthropomorphism refers to the symbol and the symbolization process in which human-like characteristics are metaphorically attributed to a nation. In China, the Homeland-Mother ( zuguomuqin) is a widely accepted anthropomorphic image representing the nation. However, a brotherly national image named Azhong-Brother ( azhonggege) derived from subcultures was created and went viral on social media platforms with fierce controversy since 2019. Based on 23 in-depth interviews with China’s young netizens of wide variations, this study explored the differences between these two symbols, Chinese youths’ identification with the nation through the symbols, and their identity negotiation amid the controversy surrounding the image of Azhong-Brother. We discussed the symbolic contestation between traditional hegemonic and emergent soft masculinities within Azhong-Brother, the instrumental and sentimental national attachment associated with Homeland-Mother and Azhong-Brother, and the conflicts arising from the negotiation of multiple identities in relation to Azhong-Brother.

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Is masculinity ‘deteriorating’ in China? Changes of masculinity representation in Chinese film posters from 1951 to 2016

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Official Discourse on Family and Fatherhood in Post-1949 China

Official Discourse on Family and Fatherhood in Post-1949 China

Gendered Tweets: Computational Text Analysis of Gender Differences in Political Discussion on Twitter

From Homeland-Mother to Azhong-Brother: a qualitative study of nation anthropomorphism among Chinese youths

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