Is Mammographic Density a Biomarker to Study the Molecular Causes of Breast Cancer?

Hanna, Mirette; Diorio, Caroline

doi:10.5772/33007

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 111 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…High MD (HMD) is associated with a relatively large proportion of stroma, collagen and epithelial tissue. Conversely, LMD is associated with relatively large adipose tissue content . Elevated MD has been established, along with family or personal history of BC, age, and genetic mutations, as a significant independent risk factor for BC .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse relaxation‐based assessment of mammographic density and breast tissue composition by single‐sided portable NMR

Ali

Tourell

Hugo

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose: Elevated mammographic density (MD) is an independent risk factor for breast cancer (BC) as well as a source of masking in X-ray mammography.High-frequency longitudinal monitoring of MD could also be beneficial in hormonal BC prevention, where early MD changes herald the treatment's success. We present a novel approach to quantification of MD in breast tissue using single-sided portable NMR. Its development was motivated by the low cost of portable-NMR instrumentation, the suitability for measurements in vivo, and the absence of ionizing radiation. Methods: Five breast slices were obtained from three patients undergoing prophylactic mastectomy or breast reduction surgery. Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) relaxation curves were measured from (1) regions of high and low MD (HMD and LMD, respectively) in the full breast slices; (2) the same regions excised from the full slices; and (3) excised samples after H 2 O-D 2 O replacement. T 2 distributions were reconstructed from the CPMG decays using inverse Laplace transform. Results: Two major peaks, identified as fat and water, were consistently observed in the T 2 distributions of HMD regions. The LMD T 2 distributions were dominated by the fat peak. The relative areas of the two peaks exhibited statistically significant (P < .005) differences between HMD and LMD regions, enabling their classification as HMD or LMD. The relative-area distributions exhibited no statistically significant differences between full slices and excised samples. Conclusion: T 2 -based portable-NMR analysis is a novel approach to MD quantification. The ability to quantify tissue composition, combined with the low cost of instrumentation, make this approach promising for clinical applications. 1200 | ALI et AL. K E Y W O R D S breast cancer, mammographic density, NMR-MOUSE, nuclear magnetic resonance, single-sided portable NMR, transverse spin relaxation time constant (T 2 )

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse relaxation‐based assessment of mammographic density and breast tissue composition by single‐sided portable NMR

Ali

Tourell

Hugo

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Proteoglycans: Potential Agents in Mammographic Density and the Associated Breast Cancer Risk

Shawky

Ricciardelli

Lord

et al. 2015

J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia

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Although increased mammographic density (MD) has been well established as a marker for increased breast cancer (BC) risk, its pathobiology is far from understood. Altered proteoglycan (PG) composition may underpin the physical properties of MD, and may contribute to the associated increase in BC risk. Numerous studies have investigated PGs, which are a major stromal matrix component, in relation to MD and BC and reported results that are sometimes discordant. Our review summarises these results and highlights discrepancies between PG associations with BC and MD, thus serving as a guide for identifying PGs that warrant further research towards developing chemo-preventive or therapeutic agents targeting preinvasive or invasive breast lesions, respectively.

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ESR1 gene variants, haplotypes and diplotypes may influence the risk of breast cancer and mammographic density

et al. 2020

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Is Mammographic Density a Biomarker to Study the Molecular Causes of Breast Cancer?

Cited by 3 publications

References 111 publications

Transverse relaxation‐based assessment of mammographic density and breast tissue composition by single‐sided portable NMR

Transverse relaxation‐based assessment of mammographic density and breast tissue composition by single‐sided portable NMR

Proteoglycans: Potential Agents in Mammographic Density and the Associated Breast Cancer Risk

ESR1 gene variants, haplotypes and diplotypes may influence the risk of breast cancer and mammographic density

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