Is love of nature in the US becoming love of electronic media? 16-year downtrend in national park visits explained by watching movies, playing video games, internet use, and oil prices

Pergams, Oliver R. W.; Zaradic, Patricia A.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.02.001

Cited by 251 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Jacobs and Manfredo 2008, Kareiva 2008, Pergams and Zaradic 2008 over underpinning assumptions and interpretation of results. In contrast to the apparent situation in the US presented by Pergams and Zaradic (2006), reporting on international patterns of visitation to protected areas, Balmford et al (2009) suggested patterns showed 'spatial heterogeneity'. The majority (15) of the 20 countries they investigated were found to have increased levels of visitation.…”

Section: Changing Visitation Patternsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The declining visitation has been significantly negatively correlated with increasing use of electronic media such as home/cinema movies, computer video games and the internet, together with travel costs due to increased oil prices (Pergams and Zaradic 2006). Comparison of visitation to protected areas among countries to verify if this is a global phenomenon is problematic, because even some of the most iconic World…”

Section: Changing Visitation Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extreme sports in natural areas: looming disaster or a catalyst for a paradigm shift in land use planning?

Burgin¹,

Hardiman²

2012

Journal of Environmental Planning and Management

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Historically, visitors' motives for visiting protected areas included 'rest, relaxation and reinvigoration'. Ecological impacts were typically low. Recent trends have increased use of protected areas for extreme sports, with greater numbers undertaking more active recreation, such as extreme sports. The effect of this trend is considered, together with potential management options. We propose that the development of appropriately targeted and delivered educational programmes could minimise environmental degradation. However, to maximise ecological conservation in protected lands we consider that a major paradigm shift is required. This will require a more strategic, holistic approach to planning and managing outdoor recreation/sport destinations incorporating collaboration across stakeholders. Based on past experience, to continue with the current model will ultimately accelerate biodiversity loss, degradation of protected areas, and loss of recreational amenity.

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Section: Changing Visitation Patternsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Changing Visitation Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme sports in natural areas: looming disaster or a catalyst for a paradigm shift in land use planning?

Burgin¹,

Hardiman²

2012

Journal of Environmental Planning and Management

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“…Moreover, although outdoor recreation and ecotourism are still important parts of many lives in rich countries, biophilic impulses seem increasingly swamped by other stimuli. In the United States, the rise of electronic media has coincided with a 20-year downturn in National Park visitation, after 50 years of steady increase (108). Recent findings indicate that similar declines in contact with nature are common to developed nations worldwide (109).…”

Section: Business As Unusual: Where Else Might Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Where does biodiversity go from here? A grim business-as-usual forecast and a hopeful portfolio of partial solutions

Ehrlich

Pringle

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

216

132

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The threats to the future of biodiversity are many and well known. They include habitat conversion, environmental toxification, climate change, and direct exploitation of wildlife, among others. Moreover, the projected addition of 2.6 billion people by midcentury will almost certainly have a greater environmental impact than that of the last 2.6 billion. Collectively, these trends portend a grim future for biodiversity under a business-as-usual scenario. These threats and their interactions are formidable, but we review seven strategies that, if implemented soundly and scaled up dramatically, would preserve a substantial portion of global biodiversity. These are actions to stabilize the human population and reduce its material consumption, the deployment of endowment funds and other strategies to ensure the efficacy and permanence of conservation areas, steps to make human-dominated landscapes hospitable to biodiversity, measures to account for the economic costs of habitat degradation, the ecological reclamation of degraded lands and repatriation of extirpated species, the education and empowerment of people in the rural tropics, and the funda-

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“…Children are spending less time outdoors (Louv, 2005), opting for large amounts of screen time instead (Rideout, Foehr, & Roberts, 2010). Emblematic of the modern popularity of electronic media over nature-based recreation (Pergams & Zaradic, 2006), children seem to be better at identifying Pokémon than common wildlife species (Balmford, Clegg, Coulson, & Taylor, 2002). Simultaneously, the necessary behavior change required to address and mitigate environmental issues such as climate change remains largely unactualized, and the health of the natural environment continues to deteriorate due to human (in)action (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flourishing in nature: A review of the benefits of connecting with nature and its application as a wellbeing intervention

Capaldi¹,

Nisbet²,

Zelenski³

et al. 2015

Intnl. J. Wellbeing

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Abstract:From the increasing number of people living in urban areas to the continued degradation of the natural environment, many of us appear to be physically and psychologically disconnected from nature. We consider the theoretical explanations and present evidence for why this state of affairs might result in suboptimal levels of hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing by reviewing the large body of research on the mental health benefits of connecting with nature. The advantages of contact with nature as a potential wellbeing intervention are discussed, and examples of how this research is being applied to reconnect individuals to nature and improve wellbeing are given. We conclude by considering the limitations of, and proposing future directions for, research in this area. Overall, evidence suggests that connecting with nature is one path to flourishing in life.

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Is love of nature in the US becoming love of electronic media? 16-year downtrend in national park visits explained by watching movies, playing video games, internet use, and oil prices

Cited by 251 publications

References 14 publications

Extreme sports in natural areas: looming disaster or a catalyst for a paradigm shift in land use planning?

Extreme sports in natural areas: looming disaster or a catalyst for a paradigm shift in land use planning?

Where does biodiversity go from here? A grim business-as-usual forecast and a hopeful portfolio of partial solutions

Flourishing in nature: A review of the benefits of connecting with nature and its application as a wellbeing intervention

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