Is It What They Eat or How Much They Eat That Matters More in Adults with Food Insecurity in a Wealthy-Country Context?

Kang, Min Gyeong; Yook, Sung-Min; Hwang, Ji Yun

doi:10.3390/nu13030851

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

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Food insecurity is associated with low diet quality and unhealthy cooking and eating habits in Iranian women

Kohanmoo,

Hashemzadeh,

Teymouri

et al. 2024

J Health Popul Nutr

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Background Food insecurity affects diet and nutrition intakes. We explored the relationship between food insecurity and dietary intakes in a group of Iranian women. Methods The cross-sectional study was performed on 190 healthy females aged 20–55 years attending primary healthcare centers in Shiraz. Food insecurity was evaluated by Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, which is a validated tool for assessing food insecurity in developing countries. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The association of dietary patterns and food insecurity was assessed by linear regression. Results Assessment of dietary intakes revealed that consumption of red meat, poultry, fish, dairy, fruits, non-starchy vegetables, and nuts decreased whereas that of grains, processed meats, potato, and sugary foods increased with increasing food insecurity. Among nutrients, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, folic acid, potassium, calcium, and magnesium decreased while fat and sodium increased as food insecurity increased. Three major dietary patterns were detected. Healthy dietary patterns showed inverse associations with food insecurity in the crude (β = -0.422 and − 0.435, P < 0.001) and adjusted (adjusted for age, marital status, and educational level) (β = -0.475 and − 0.341, P < 0.001) models of regression analysis but unhealthy pattern did not show an association with food insecurity. Compared to food secure participants, a higher percentage of food insecure individuals indicated unhealthy eating habits, such as skipping breakfast, lower snack ingestion, more fast and fried food consumption, and using unhealthy cooking methods. Conclusion Overall, this study showed that food insecurity was associated with less healthy diet and unhealthy cooking and eating habits.

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Food insecurity is associated with low diet quality and unhealthy cooking and eating habits in Iranian women

Kohanmoo,

Hashemzadeh,

Teymouri

et al. 2024

J Health Popul Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Association of Mixed Use of Electronic and Conventional Cigarettes and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke With Prediabetes

Kim

Park

Kim

et al. 2021

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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Context Despite previous studies regarding the association between smoking and diabetes, the effects of electronic cigarettes and second-hand smoke (SHS) on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity have not been fully elucidated. Objective To examine the association of mixed electronic and conventional cigarette use and exposure to SHS with prediabetes. Design Data from the 2014–2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Setting Nationwide population-based Participants Of 39,199 participants, 22,385 participants (9,490 men, 12,895 women) without diabetes were included. The main independent variables were smoking behaviors, including exposure to SHS. Interventions None Main Outcome Measure(s) Prediabetes (HbA1C of 5.7–6.4%). Results Of 22,385 participants without diabetes, 6,735 had prediabetes. Mixed cigarette use was associated with a 1.57-fold increase in the odds of prediabetes when compared with never-smoking (odds ratio [OR]=1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.29–1.92) and a 1.27-fold increase when compared with conventional cigarette use only (OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.07–1.52). Participants who were current non-smokers but mixed users in the past had an increased risk of prediabetes (OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.04–2.13). There was no significant association between prediabetes and current non-smoking in individuals with previous conventional cigarette use only. Among never-smokers, exposure to SHS significantly increased the risk of prediabetes (OR=1.16, 95% CI=1.04–1.30). Conclusions Mixed use of electronic and conventional cigarettes and exposure to SHS increased the risk of prediabetes. Further studies are required to comprehensively investigate the molecular biology underlying the effects of previous and current mixed use of electronic cigarettes and SHS on glucose metabolism.

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Associations of Food Insecurity with Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Risk of Low Muscle Strength

et al. 2023

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Food insecurity refers to the uncertain availability of or limited access to nutritious food. Poor diets prevalent among food insecure populations may incite an inflammatory state and subsequently negatively affect skeletal muscle metabolism. To examine the inflammatory mechanistic potential of the association between food insecurity and the risk of low muscle strength, we analyzed cross-sectional data from 8624 adults aged ≥20 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014–2015. Household food security status was assessed using an 18-item food security survey module. The inflammatory potential of diets was estimated by the dietary inflammation index (DII). Low muscle strength was ascertained using hand grip strength. In the multivariable-adjusted model, greater food insecurity was significantly associated with a higher DII score and risk of low muscle strength. The multivariable-adjusted mean difference (95% confidence interval) on the DII, comparing the “moderate-to-severe” food insecurity group with the “food secure” group, was 0.43 (0.06–0.80) (P-trend: <0.001) and the odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of low muscle strength for the same comparison groups was 2.06 (1.07–3.96) (P-trend: 0.005). Our results suggest that individuals with greater food insecurity may be susceptible to diets with greater inflammatory potential, which may contribute to a loss of muscle strength.

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Is It What They Eat or How Much They Eat That Matters More in Adults with Food Insecurity in a Wealthy-Country Context?

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Food insecurity is associated with low diet quality and unhealthy cooking and eating habits in Iranian women

Food insecurity is associated with low diet quality and unhealthy cooking and eating habits in Iranian women

Association of Mixed Use of Electronic and Conventional Cigarettes and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke With Prediabetes

Associations of Food Insecurity with Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Risk of Low Muscle Strength

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