Is It Possible to Improve the Bioavailability of Resveratrol and Polydatin Derived from Polygoni cuspidati Radix as a Result of Preparing Electrospun Nanofibers Based on Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Cyclodextrin?

Abstract

The low bioavailability of resveratrol and polydatin obtained from Polygoni cuspidati extract limits the application of their pro-health properties. While nanofibers have attracted increasing attention in nutrition delivery due to their special properties, including an increase in the dissolution and permeability, which affects the bioavailability. Therefore, it is justified to obtain nanofibers from Polygoni cuspidati extract, which showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as a result of a presence of stilbene analogs in the Polygoni cuspidati extract (especially resveratrol and polydatin). In the first stage of the work, using the Design of Experiment (DoE) approach, the Polygoni cuspidati extract (70% of methanol, temperature 70 °C and 4 cycles) was obtained, which showed the best antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Using the Polygoni cuspidati extract as a substrate, nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning. The identification of nanofibers was confirmed on the basis of the analysis of changes in XRPD diffractograms, SEM picture and FTIR-ATR spectra. Obtaining nanofibers from the Polygoni cuspidati extract significantly improved the solubility of resveratrol and polydatin (approx. 6-fold comparing to pure substance). As a consequence, the penetration coefficients of both tested resveratrol and polydatin also increased. The proposed strategy for the preparation of nanofibers from the Polygoni cuspidati extract is an innovative approach to better use the synergy of biological action of active compounds present in extracts. It is especially during the development of nutraceuticals based on the use of selected stilbenes.

Mechanochemical Properties of Mucoadhesive Tablets Based on PVP/HPβCD Electrospun Nanofibers as Local Delivery of Polygoni cuspidati Extract for Treating Oral Infections

“…The unique properties of electrospun nanofibers based on polyvinylpyrrolidone/ cyclodextrin have been demonstrated. An increase in the solubility of active compounds found in Polygoni cuspidati extract, i.e., resveratrol and polydatin, was shown [15]. Additionally, a broad biological activity of the extract has been demonstrated, in particular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, expressed by inhibiting the activity of the hyaluronidase enzyme.…”

“…The extracts obtained in this study were also characterized by the appropriate content of active compounds, expressed as total phenolic content (TPC, 38.01 ± 1.17 mg GAE/1 g plant material), antioxidant activity (in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay-IC 50 = 0.13 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and anti-inflammatory activity (expressed as the ability to inhibit the hyaluronidase enzyme-IC 50 = 4.05 ± 0.18 mg/mL). While these activities have been extensively described [15,16], little information is available about their microbial activity, and therefore such tests were performed first. Bacteria are the principal inhabitants of the mouth, and primarily comprise Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis [17].…”

“…In the nanofibers, one-third of the mass of the system is extract; hence, after recalculation of the microbiological activity results from Table 1, the microbiological activity of the nanofibers is comparable to that of the liquid extract. These are essential properties, indicating the possibility of using the raw material to treat oral cavity infections, including periodontitis [15,16]. Despite the spectacular increase in the solubility of resveratrol and polydatin, the time of the pharmaceutical form remaining at the site of infection is also significant.…”

“…Extract of Polygoni cuspidati radix was prepared according to the optimized process described previously [15]. Briefly, the ground plant material was subjected to ultrasoundassisted extraction, using 70% of methanol in the extraction mixture, temperature 70 • C, and four cycles of 20 min.…”

“…In our previous work, polyvinylpyrrolidone/(2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin-based (PVP/HPβCD-based) nanofibers, with increased solubility of active compounds, were produced, and the physicochemical characteristics of the material were thoroughly described [15]. Nevertheless, plant material is characterized by many valuable activities, including microbiological activity, which can be used for topical treatment of infections in the oral cavity.…”