Is it because I’m Black? Microaggressive experiences against Black professionals in sport and exercise psychology.

Carter, Leeja; Dávila, Carlos

doi:10.1037/pro0000145

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Racially traumatizing events may comprise experiences such as relentless microaggressions, police profiling, and also systemic racism in law enforcement, healthcare and education. Black people throughout the US and Canada experience some form of racial microaggression as a near daily occurrence from the micro to the macro levels of society, including cultural and historical traumas ( 29 ). According to Sue and colleagues ( 30 ), “Almost all interracial encounters are prone to microaggressions.” Racial mistreatment or microaggressions are subtle acts of dehumanization that can range from poor service in restaurants and unsolicited hair touching to race-based doxxing or swatting, verbal insults and outright physical violence ( 25 , 31 , 32 ).…”

Section: The Persistence Of Anti-black Racism As a Precursor To Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Need for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in the Black Community and the Burdens of Its Provision

Smith

Faber²,

Buchanan

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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Psychedelic medicine is an emerging field that examines entheogens, psychoactive substances that produce non-ordinary states of consciousness (NOSC). 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is currently in phase-3 FDA clinical trials in the United States (US) and Canada to treat the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). MDMA is used in conjunction with manualized therapy, because of its effectiveness in reducing fear-driven stimuli that contribute to trauma and anxiety symptoms. In 2017, the FDA designated MDMA as a “breakthrough therapy,” signaling that it has advantages in safety, efficacy, and compliance over available medication for the treatment of trauma-, stress-, and anxiety-related disorders such as PTSD. In the US and Canada, historical and contemporary racial mistreatment is frequently experienced by Black people via a variety of macro and micro insults. Such experiences trigger physiological responses of anxiety and fear, which are associated with chronically elevated stress hormone levels (e.g., cortisol and epinephrine), similar to levels documented among those diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. This paper will explore the benefits of entheogens within psychedelic assisted-therapy and their potential benefits in addressing the sequelae of pervasive and frequent negative race-based experiences and promoting healing and thriving among Black, Indigenous and other People of Color (BIPOC). The author(s) discuss the ethical responsibility for providing psychedelic-assisted therapy within a culturally competent provider framework and the importance of psychedelic researchers to recruit and retain BIPOC populations in research and clinical training.

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Section: The Persistence Of Anti-black Racism As a Precursor To Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Need for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in the Black Community and the Burdens of Its Provision

Smith

Faber²,

Buchanan

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Moreover, these efforts to overlook cultural differences may have the consequence of preserving and promoting the power and privilege of SPPs who identify as White (Blodgett et al, 2015; Butryn, 2002) while marginalizing and hurting those identifying as belonging to minority identities. Testimonies provide evidence that microaggression and stereotyping are experienced by African American (Carter & Davila, 2017) and Asian (Yu et al, 2016) SPPs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sport psychology professionals’ perceptions of the roadblocks to cultural sport psychology.

Quartiroli

Vosloo

Schinke

et al. 2021

Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology

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In recent years, sport psychology professionals (SPPs) have recognized the importance of being aware of culture in their scholarly and applied practice. However, there is still a discrepancy between this recognition and the apparent implementation of these cultural lenses in sport psychology (SP). With this study, we aimed to explore and understand the perceived experiences of SPPs of the challenges faced while integrating and implementing culture in their scholarly and applied practice. Grounded in a critical realist philosophical framework, we conducted a study using semistructured interviews and a consensual qualitative research (Hill, 2012) methodological approach to analyze the data. We interviewed 25 globally situated SPPs (13 males and 12 females) with approximately 18 years (17.83, SD = 10.88) of professional experience. We developed two main domains: (a) SP as a culturally challenged field and (b) personal challenges to cultural SP practice. Although these SPPs acknowledged the importance of culture in developing and implementing SP research studies and applied interventions, they also recognized how most scholarship and applied practices are still founded in Westernized ethnocentric philosophical assumptions. These SPPs also shared their perceived experience of the challenges faced while integrating culture into their professional practice and scholarship; how, early in their careers, they struggled with accepting their own limits, biases, and the impossible task of developing prescribed universal cultural competence applicable across people and contexts. Their perceived experiences support the recent call for more culturally grounded research and applied practice (Ryba et al., 2013). Recommendations for future investigation are also discussed.

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“…Across a range of studies, self-protective coping takes several forms. Targets have engaged intentionally in self-care activities to relieve tension and to self-soothe from the pain of racial microaggressions (Carter & Davila, 2017;DeCuir-Gunby et al, 2020;Houshmand et al, 2019). General self-care strategies in the literature have involved choosing a positive outlook (Houshmand et al, 2019), conserving one's time and energy (Davis, 2019), picking and choosing one's battles (Lewis et al, 2013), managing stereotypes (McGee, 2016), setting and maintaining boundaries between work and home life (DeCuir-Gunby et al, 2020), and individual reflection and processing of the event (Griffith et al, 2019).…”

Section: Self-protective Copingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing Racial Microaggressions Research: Documenting Targets’ Experiences, Harmful Sequelae, and Resistance Strategies

Spanierman

Clark

Kim

2021

Perspect Psychol Sci

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In this article, we review the theoretical and empirical literature on racial microaggressions from 2007 to 2020 ( N = 138 articles). First, we refine racial microaggressions theory and update the definition to address mischaracterizations in the literature and clarify the term (i.e., “micro” refers to microlevel interactions rather than degree of harm). Next, we used four superordinate categories (i.e., pathologizing differences, denigrating and pigeonholing, excluding or rendering invisible, and perpetuating color-blind racial attitudes) in which to situate racial microaggression themes from the extant literature. Moreover, we consolidated and renamed existing themes to privilege targets’ perspectives (e.g., facing assumptions of inferior status and enduring exoticization). We then synthesized qualitative and quantitative research that shows harmful sequelae of racial microaggressions (i.e., psychological and physiological symptoms). Extending prior research on coping with gendered racial microaggressions, we describe empirical findings on collective, resistance, and self-protective strategies to mitigate the harmful impact of racial microaggressions. We conclude with directions for future research.

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Is it because I’m Black? Microaggressive experiences against Black professionals in sport and exercise psychology.

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

The Need for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in the Black Community and the Burdens of Its Provision

The Need for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in the Black Community and the Burdens of Its Provision

Sport psychology professionals’ perceptions of the roadblocks to cultural sport psychology.

Reviewing Racial Microaggressions Research: Documenting Targets’ Experiences, Harmful Sequelae, and Resistance Strategies

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