Is Implicit Prejudice against Blacks Politically Consequential? Evidence from the AMP

Kalmoe, Nathan P.; Piston, Spencer

doi:10.1093/poq/nfs051

Cited by 98 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Two recent papers re-examined the role of implicit prejudice in the ANES data and concluded that, whereas the effects of explicit prejudice were large and important, the unique influence of implicit prejudice was not large enough to be politically consequential [27], [28]. None of these previous studies, however, considered whether voters were decided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decisions among the Undecided: Implicit Attitudes Predict Future Voting Behavior of Undecided Voters

Lundberg

Payne

2014

PLoS ONE

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Implicit attitudes have been suggested as a key to unlock the hidden preferences of undecided voters. Past research, however, offered mixed support for this hypothesis. The present research used a large nationally representative sample and a longitudinal design to examine the predictive utility of implicit and explicit attitude measures in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. In our analyses, explicit attitudes toward candidates predicted voting better for decided than undecided voters, but implicit candidate attitudes were predictive of voting for both decided and undecided voters. Extending our examination to implicit and explicit racial attitudes, we found the same pattern. Taken together, these results provide convergent evidence that implicit attitudes predict voting about as well for undecided as for decided voters. We also assessed a novel explanation for these effects by evaluating whether implicit attitudes may predict the choices of undecided voters, in part, because they are neglected when people introspect about their confidence. Consistent with this idea, we found that the extremity of explicit but not implicit attitudes was associated with greater confidence. These analyses shed new light on the utility of implicit measures in predicting future behavior among individuals who feel undecided. Considering the prior studies together with this new evidence, the data seem to be consistent that implicit attitudes may be successful in predicting the behavior of undecided voters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decisions among the Undecided: Implicit Attitudes Predict Future Voting Behavior of Undecided Voters

Lundberg

Payne

2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Since its creation, the AMP has attracted considerable attention and use in psychological science. It is most commonly used in social psychology to assess automatic evaluations in racial (Payne et al, 2005;Ditonto, Lau, & Sears, 2013; although see Teige-Mocigemba, Becker, Sherman, Reichardt, & Klauer, 2017), gender (Ye & Gawronski, 2018), sexuality (Imhoff, Schmidt, Bernhardt, Dierksmeier, & Banse, 2011), and political domains (Payne et al, 2005;Kalmoe & Piston, 2013), to investigate the potential origins of attitudes and stereotypes (Dunham & Emory, 2014;Mann et al, 2019;Van Dessel, Mertens, Smith, & De Houwer, 2017), and to assess the effectiveness of interventions designed to change automatic evaluations within those domains (Mann & Ferguson, 2017). In clinical psychology, the AMP is often used to assess, or even provide prospective prediction of, psychopathological behaviors such as eating disorders, non-suicidal self-injury, alcoholism, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and physical abuse of children (Fox et al, 2018;Görgen, Joormann, Hiller, & Witthöft, 2015;Jasper & Witthöft, 2013;McCarthy, Skowronski, Crouch, & Milner, 2017;Smith, Forrest, Velkoff, Ribeiro, & Franklin, 2018;Zerhouni, Bègue, Comiran, & Wiers, 2018).…”

Section: Use Of the Amp Is Widespread And Variedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming we are correct, our findings suggest there is a pressing need to revise many of the conclusions made in the AMP literature. These conclusions are typically made on the basis of two common assumptions: (a) that AMP effects are reflective of implicit attitudes, and (b) that AMP effects represent an equally valid measure of such attitudes across all individuals (e.g., Fox et al, 2018;Kalmoe & Piston, 2013;Mann et al, 2019;Payne et al, 2005;Rinck & Becker, 2007;Spring & Bulik, 2014). To illustrate, consider a study by Franklin, Puzia, Lee, and Prinstein (2014), which concluded that "young adults with a history of non-suicidal selfinjury (NSSI) display a significantly stronger implicit identification with [images of skin] cutting" compared to their counterparts without such a history of NSSI.…”

Section: Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on the Affect Misattribution Procedure are Strongly Moderated by Influence Awareness

S¹,

Cummins²,

Hussey³

2019

Preprint

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The Affect Misattribution Procedure has attracted considerable attention and use in psychological science as a measure of evaluations, attitudes, and biases. The AMP’s appeal to researchers is based in large part on the promise that it taps into unintentional and unaware (i.e., implicit) psychological processes. However, past claims about the implicitness of AMP effects may be inaccurate due to a range of methodological, statistical, and conceptual issues. We re-examine a key premise underpinning the AMP’s use (i.e., that AMP effects are driven by the unaware influence of primes on responses). Across five pre-registered experiments (N = 1021) plus meta-analyses, we demonstrate that AMP effects and their predictive validity are primarily driven by a subset of influence-aware trials (within individuals), and high rates of influence-awareness (between individuals). Counterintuitively, an individual’s influence-awareness rate in one AMP predicts their performance in a previously completed AMP, even when the AMPs assess entirely different attitude domains. Taken together, our results suggest that AMP effects are not particularly implicit, are not mediated by misattribution, and furthermore do not represent an equally valid measure of attitudes across individuals. All materials and data available at osf.io/gv7cm.

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“…Studies have also shown that prejudice against blacks influences white opinion about ostensibly nonracial issues such as crime, the death penalty, and welfare (e.g., Kinder and Sanders 1996;Gilens 1999;Soss, Langbein, and Metelko 2003). Finally, in at least some cases, including the 2008 presidential election, prejudice against blacks has eroded white support for black candidates (Hutchings 2009;Tesler and Sears 2010;Kalmoe and Piston 2013;Krupnikov and Piston 2015a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Political Consequences of Latino Prejudice against Blacks

Krupnikov

Piston

2016

PUBOPQ

Self Cite

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A good deal of scholarship examines the effects of prejudice against blacks on public opinion and vote choice in the United States. Despite producing valuable insights, this research largely ignores the attitudes of Latinos-a critical omission, since Latinos constitute a rapidly growing share of the population. Using two nationally representative survey data sets, we find that the level of racial prejudice is comparable for Latinos and non-Hispanic whites. Equally comparable are associations between prejudice and political preferences: policy opinion and support for Obama in the 2008 presidential election. Our findings suggest that despite demographic changes, efforts to enact policies intended to assist blacks and elect black candidates will continue to be undermined by prejudice. That said, Latinos are more likely than non-Hispanic whites to support policies intended to assist blacks, because Latinos are more Democratic than non-Hispanic whites, more egalitarian, and less committed to the value of limited government.

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Is Implicit Prejudice against Blacks Politically Consequential? Evidence from the AMP

Cited by 98 publications

References 14 publications

Decisions among the Undecided: Implicit Attitudes Predict Future Voting Behavior of Undecided Voters

Decisions among the Undecided: Implicit Attitudes Predict Future Voting Behavior of Undecided Voters

Effects on the Affect Misattribution Procedure are Strongly Moderated by Influence Awareness

The Political Consequences of Latino Prejudice against Blacks

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