Is <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> pneumonia after stem cell transplantations a contagious disease?

Resnick, Igor B.; Averbuch, Diana; Aker, Memet; Engelhard, Dan

doi:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2005.00346.x

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Pneumocystis is a common microorganism identified approximately 100 years ago and categorized as a fungus depending on RNA sequence analysis [66]. The historical name Pneumocystis carinii has been currently modified as P. jirovecii.…”

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of infectious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Şahin

Toprak

Atilla

et al. 2016

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

187

163

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Infections are the most common and significant cause of mortality and morbidity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The presence of neutropenia and mucosal damage are the leading risk factors in the early pre-engraftment phase. In the early post-engraftment phase, graft versus host disease (GvHD) induced infection risk is increased in addition to catheter related infections. In the late phase, in which reconstitution of cellular and humoral immunity continues, as well as the pathogens seen during the early post-engraftment phase, varicella-zoster virus and encapsulated bacterial infections due to impaired opsonization are observed. An appropriate vaccination schedule following the cessation of immunosuppressive treatment after transplantation, intravenous immunoglobulin administration, and antimicrobial prophylaxis with penicillin or macrolide antibiotics during immunosuppressive treatment for GvHD might decrease the risk of bacterial infections. Older age, severe mucositis due to toxicity of chemotherapy, gastrointestinal tract colonization, prolonged neutropenia, unrelated donor and cord blood originated transplantations, acute and chronic GvHD are among the most indicative clinical risk factors for invasive fungal infections. Mold-active anti-fungal prophylaxis is suggested regardless of the period of transplantation among high risk patients. The novel serological methods, including Aspergillus galactomannan antigen and beta-D-glucan detection and computed tomography are useful in surveillance. Infections due to adenovirus, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus are encountered in all phases after allo-HSCT, including pre-engraftment, early post-engraftment and late phases. Infections due to herpes simplex virus-1 and -2 are mostly seen during the pre-engraftment phase, whereas, infections due to cytomegalovirus and human herpes virus-6 are seen in the early post-engraftment phase and Epstein-Barr virus and varicella-zoster virus infections often after +100th day. In order to prevent mortality and morbidity of infections after allo-HSCT, the recipients should be carefully followed-up with appropriate prophylactic measures in the post-transplant period.

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Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of infectious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Şahin

Toprak

Atilla

et al. 2016

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

187

163

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“…Pneumocystis jiroveci has been reported to be a rare cause of pulmonary infection in HSC transplant recipients (Saito et al 2001;Chen et al 2003;Resnick et al 2005). The manifestations of disease depend on the severity of infection.…”

Section: Pneumocystis Jiroveci (Formerly Pneumocystis Carinii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abnormal chest radiographs have been reported in up to 90% of patients with suspected PCP showing the typical fi ndings of diffuse bilateral interstitial infi ltrates most marked in a perihilar distribution (Soubani et al 1996;Worthy et al 1997;Resnick et al 2005). As the disease progresses, alveolar infi ltrates may also develop.…”

Section: Pneumocystis Jiroveci (Formerly Pneumocystis Carinii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Sierra¹,

Franquet²

2008

Medical Radiology

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“…Moreover, studies investigating the genotype of P. jiroveci in colonized patients have suggested that these patients play a role in the circulation and transmission of this micro-organism (Totet et al , 2004). Reports of outbreaks in hospitals among patients at risk (those with HIV, primary immune deficiencies, long-term immunosuppressive regimens, haematological and non-haematological malignancies, and/or severe malnutrition (Barbounis et al , 2005; Resnick et al , 2005; Hui & Kwok, 2006; Mori et al , 2009; Ritter & Pirofski, 2009) have strengthened this hypothesis (de Boer et al , 2011; Sassi et al , 2012). As the fungus cannot be cultured, in vitro experiments concerning transmission and epidemiology are difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of Pneumocystis jiroveci in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative immunocompromised patients in The Netherlands

Vanspauwen

Knops

Bruggeman

et al. 2014

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Pneumocystis jiroveci infections can cause pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) or lead to colonization without signs of PCP. Over the years, different genotypes of P. jiroveci have been discovered. Genomic typing of P. jiroveci in different subpopulations can contribute to unravelling the pathogenesis, transmission and spread of the different genotypes. In this study, we wanted to determine the distribution of P. jiroveci genotypes in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients in The Netherlands and determine the clinical relevance of these detected mutations. A real-time PCR targeting the major surface glycoprotein gene (MSG) was used as a screening test for the presence of P. jiroveci DNA. Samples positive for MSG were genotyped based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) genes. Of the 595 included bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples, 116 revealed the presence of P. jiroveci DNA. A total of 52 of the 116 samples were ITS genotyped and 58 DHPS genotyped. The ITS genotyping revealed 17 ITS types, including two types that have not been described previously. There was no correlation between ITS genotype and underlying disease. All ITS-and DHPS-genotyped samples were found in immunocompromised patients. Of the 58 DHPS-genotyped samples, 50 were found to be WT. The other eight samples revealed a mixed genotype consisting of WT and type 1. The majority of the latter recovered on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole suggesting no clinical relevance for this mutation.

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Is Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after stem cell transplantations a contagious disease?

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

An overview of infectious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

An overview of infectious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Molecular epidemiology of Pneumocystis jiroveci in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative immunocompromised patients in The Netherlands

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