Is Having Your Cell Phone the Key to Happiness, or Does It Really Matter?: Evidence From a Randomized Double-blind Study

Abstract

Background Affect can influence people's perceptions, decisions, and the way they make sense of an experience. Some studies show that having one's cell phone removed will lead to negative emotional reactions, while others have found no significant impact on how we feel. In this paper we investigate the impact of cell phone possession and removal on participant’s affective state. Methods We use a randomized double-blind procedure to examine whether cell phone removal enhances negativity, promotes positivity, or is emotionally inconsequential. We measure affect using a PANAS self-report scale as well as a less transparent temporal-estimation procedure. Results Our findings suggest that cell phone possession or removal has no influence on a person’s affective state. Conclusions Measured through both the PANAS self-report scale and an indirect temporal estimation task, affect remained consistent regardless of cell phone possession. These results suggest that cell phones may not carry the emotional weight often attributed to them. This finding challenges a common theme revolving around the negative emotional impact of cell phones and technology. Consequently, these findings may have important implications for restricting cell phone use in today’s world and the generally perceived notion that cell phones are having a negative effect on people’s emotions.