Is hatchery stocking a help or harm?

Araki, Hideki; Schmid, Corinne

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.05.036

Cited by 308 publications

(124 citation statements)

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“…A second concern is the potential for a reduction in fitness of the stocked population. A number of empirical studies have documented a decrease in reproductive success (RS) in hatchery salmon and trout in the wild (for a review see Araki and Schmid 2010), although there is significant variation in the RS (Anderson et al 2013) and relative RS (Kitada et al 2011). If hatchery fish with lower RS mate with wild fish, the total number of progeny born in the stocked population could be reduced after several generations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic effects of marine stock enhancement: a case study based on the highly piscivorous Japanese Spanish mackerel

NakajimaKaori

KitadaShuichi

HabaraYoko

et al. 2014

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Abstract:We used a before-after control-impact design to quantify the genetic effects of the large piscivorous Japanese Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) stock enhancement program on wild populations in the Seto Inland Sea. Samples of 1424 wild and 230 hatchery fish collected from 13 sites around Japan were genotyped using five microsatellite markers. A total of 758 wild and 103 hatchery fish were sequenced for the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region. The population structure of Japanese Spanish mackerel was panmictic around Japan. Hatchery fish had significantly lower genetic diversity indices than did wild fish. However, there was no significant change in any of the diversity indices in the Seto Inland Sea, despite the substantial genetic mixing proportion of hatchery-origin genes (7.8%-14.5% from releases in 2001 and 2002), a conclusion supported by simulations. The estimated effective population size was surprisingly small (ϳ430-970) but stable in the Seto Inland Sea compared with the large census size. A Ryman-Laikre effect was not likely in the Japanese Spanish mackerel.Résumé : Nous avons utilisé un schéma contrôle-incidence avant-après pour quantifier les effets génétiques du programme d'amélioration des stocks de thazard oriental (Scomberomorus niphonius), un grand poisson piscivore, sur les populations sauvages dans la mer intérieure de Seto. Des échantillons de 1424 poissons sauvages et 230 poissons d'élevage prélevés en 13 endroits différents au Japon ont été génotypés à l'aide de cinq marqueurs microsatellites. Un total de 758 poissons sauvages et 103 poissons d'élevage ont fait l'objet d'un séquençage de la région de la boucle D de l'ADN mitochondrial. La structure de la population de thazard oriental était panmictique dans la région du Japon. Les poissons d'élevage présentaient des indices de diversité génétique significativement plus faibles que les poissons sauvages. Cela dit, aucun indice de diversité ne présentait de variation significative dans la mer intérieure de Seto, malgré l'importante proportion de mélange génétique de gènes issus d'écloserie (7,8-14,5 % dans les lâchés en 2001 et 2002), une conclusion appuyée par les simulations. La taille effective estimée de la population était étonnamment faible (ϳ430-970), bien que stable, dans la mer intérieure de Seto comparativement à la grande taille recensée. La présence d'un effet Ryman-Laikre chez les thazards orientals était peu probable. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic effects of marine stock enhancement: a case study based on the highly piscivorous Japanese Spanish mackerel

NakajimaKaori

KitadaShuichi

HabaraYoko

et al. 2014

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…Enhancement programs are usually performed using a small number of breeders that produce genetically less diverse hatchery progeny (Utter 1998, Gaffney 2006, Roodt-Wilding 2007. When hatchery offspring with low genetic diversity are introduced into wild populations, they tend to lower the overall genetic variability and decrease the fitness of the resulting populations through inbreeding (Gaffney 2006, Roodt-Wilding 2007, Araki & Schmid 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of supplementation aquaculture on the genetic diversity of wild Ruditapes decussatus from northern Spain

Habtemariam¹,

Arias²,

García‐Vázquez³

et al. 2015

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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The European carpet shell Ruditapes decussatus is among the most important shellfish species cultured in estuaries and bays of the northern Iberian Peninsula. Increased demand and overfishing of native R. decussatus, as well as irregular yields due in part to pollution and urban sprawl, have led to overexploitation of the species and to the import of the non-indigenous R. philippinarum in the early 1980s. In recent years, supplementation aquaculture of R. decussatus (supportive breeding) has been implemented as a management tool to recover the exhausted native carpet shell populations in Asturias, northern Spain. In this study, taxonomic analysis and a suite of genetic markers (ITS2, 5SrDNA, and mtCOI) were employed to assess the genetic composition of R. decussatus in 2 estuaries of the region, Ría del Eo and Ría de Villaviciosa. Our results revealed species misidentification and evidenced genetic introgression from the non-indigenous R. philippinarum into wild R. decussatus samples (4.2%), as well as in the aquaculture seed used for population supplementation (2.0%). Furthermore, we found significant genetic differentiation (F ST = 0.03750, p < 0.0001) between wild populations and aquaculture seed, while the adults of both estuaries were genetically homogeneous (p > 0.05). Several actions are strongly recommended to prevent inadvertent introduction of non-indigenous genomes and other genetic erosive processes on native species in the region: (1) banning releases of the alien species R. philippinarum, (2) developing diagnostic tests for detection of hybrids in captive breeding programs, and (3) assessing the conservation status of wild R. decussatus populations.

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“…Information on relative stock size, habitat, performance (i.e., growth and survival) of stocked fish, and ecosystem influences as identified by trophic impacts would reduce unnecessary stocking investments. The results from this study show that stocking is not a sole quick-fix solution to management of channel catfish and that broader aspects of the ecosystem must be taken into consideration prior to stocking fish (Blankenship and Leber 1995;Lorenzen 2005;Araki & Schmid 2010;Lorenzen et al 2010). Otherwise, the mixed-success of stocking programs is inevitable, but could be greatly reduced if a manager used an experimental-based approach to evaluate the effectiveness of their management actions (Walters & Holling 1990;McAllister & Peterman 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using an experimental manipulation to determine the effectiveness of a stock enhancement program

Stewart

Long

2015

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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We used an experimental manipulation to determine the impact of stocking 178 mm channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in six impoundments. The study design consisted of equal numbers (two) of control, ceased-stock, and stocked treatments that were sampled one year before and two years after stocking. Relative abundance, growth, size structure, and average weight significantly changed over time based on samples collected with hoop nets. Catch rates decreased at both ceased-stock lakes and increased for one stocked lake, while growth rates changed for at least one ceasedstock and stocked lake. The average weight of channel catfish in the ceased-stock treatment increased by 6% and 25%, whereas weight decreased by 28% and 78% in both stocked lakes. The variability in observed responses between lakes in both ceased-stock and stocked treatments indicates that a one-size-fits-all stocking agenda is impractical, suggesting lake specific and density-dependent mechanisms affect channel catfish population dynamics.

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Is hatchery stocking a help or harm?

Cited by 308 publications

References 94 publications

Genetic effects of marine stock enhancement: a case study based on the highly piscivorous Japanese Spanish mackerel

Genetic effects of marine stock enhancement: a case study based on the highly piscivorous Japanese Spanish mackerel

Impacts of supplementation aquaculture on the genetic diversity of wild Ruditapes decussatus from northern Spain

Using an experimental manipulation to determine the effectiveness of a stock enhancement program

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