“…Access to drinking water in arid environments is an endemic challenge, especially in developing countries (Chen and Xue, 2003;Elmahdy and Mohamed, 2015;Sternberg and Paillou, 2015). Lack of safe fresh water supply is a recognized problem in Iran, where the expansion of irrigation activities, industrialization and urbanization are almost dependent on groundwater (Rahmati et al, 2014.…”