Is Gentrification a Carcinogen? Neighborhood Change and Cancerous Vehicle Emissions in Los Angeles County

Schachner, Jared N.

doi:10.1080/10511482.2022.2099936

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Second, although gentrification increases the number and quality of parks, recreational areas, and supermarkets, 17,29,30 affluent residents are more likely to reap these benefits 10,26,31 . Third, gentrification is posited as a potential carcinogenic attribute, due to increases in cancer risk factors within gentrifying neighborhoods compared to disadvantaged neighborhoods that did not gentrify, particularly resulting from increases in vehicle density with the inflow of White residents 32 . Lastly, gentrification destabilizes long standing communities, fosters physical and sociocultural (e.g., social network and community cohesion) displacement as well as resegregation, and decreases neighborhood‐related feelings of safety and residential stability due to rising rent costs, all of which over the long term produce chronic stress 33,34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 10 , 26 , 31 Third, gentrification is posited as a potential carcinogenic attribute, due to increases in cancer risk factors within gentrifying neighborhoods compared to disadvantaged neighborhoods that did not gentrify, particularly resulting from increases in vehicle density with the inflow of White residents. 32 Lastly, gentrification destabilizes long standing communities, fosters physical and sociocultural (e.g., social network and community cohesion) displacement as well as resegregation, and decreases neighborhood‐related feelings of safety and residential stability due to rising rent costs, all of which over the long term produce chronic stress. 33 , 34 Overall, perpetuation of structural inequities resulting from gentrification may limit engagement in cancer preventive behaviors and lead to related stress‐induced pro‐inflammatory signaling and alterations of gene expression, fostering immune microenvironments that promote tumor development, among long‐standing racial/ethnic residents of gentrifying communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of neighborhood gentrification with prostate cancer and immune markers in African American and European American men

Pichardo,

Ezeani,

Pichardo

et al. 2023

Cancer Medicine

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BackgroundPrior studies showed that neighborhood deprivation increases the risk of lethal prostate cancer. However, the role of neighborhood gentrification in prostate cancer development and outcome remains poorly understood. We examined the relationships of gentrification with prostate cancer and serum proteome‐defined inflammation and immune function in a diverse cohort.MethodsThe case–control study included 769 cases [405 African American (AA), 364 European American (EA) men] and 1023 controls (479 AA and 544 EA), with 219 all‐cause and 59 prostate cancer‐specific deaths among cases. Geocodes were linked to a neighborhood gentrification index (NGI) derived from US Census data. Cox and logistic regression, and MANOVA, were used to determine associations between NGI, as continuous or quintiles (Q), and outcomes.ResultsAdjusting for individual socioeconomic status (SES), continuous NGI was positively associated with prostate cancer among all men (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.14). AA and low‐income men experienced the highest odds of prostate cancer when residing in tracts with moderate gentrification, whereas EA men experienced reduced odds of regional/metastatic cancer with increased gentrification in SES‐adjusted analyses. Continuous NGI also associated with mortality among men presenting with localized disease and low‐income men in SES‐adjusted Cox regression analyses. NGI was not associated with serum proteome‐defined chemotaxis, inflammation, and tumor immunity suppression.ConclusionsFindings show that neighborhood gentrification associates with prostate cancer and mortality in this diverse population albeit associations were heterogenous within subgroups. The observations suggest that changing neighborhood socioeconomic environments may affect prostate cancer risk and outcome, likely through multifactorial mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of neighborhood gentrification with prostate cancer and immune markers in African American and European American men

Pichardo,

Ezeani,

Pichardo

et al. 2023

Cancer Medicine

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“…In Curated Release 5.1, we have also included estimates of vehicle density, aggregated at the census tract level, based on estimates from the 2014-2018 5-year estimates of the ACS. Vehicle density may be associated with neighborhood residents' levels of exposure to noxious chemicals emitted by vehicles and their vulnerability to vehicle-related injuries or fatalities (Schachner, 2023), and thus may add another layer of information related to participants' urban environments.…”

Section: Urbanicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Towards an Adolescent Neural Urbanome: Expanding Environmental Measures using Linked External Data (LED) in the ABCD Study

Cardenas-Iniguez,

Schachner,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Many recent studies have demonstrated that environmental contexts, both social and physical, have an important impact on child and adolescent neural and behavioral development. The adoption of geospatial methods, such as in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, has facilitated the exploration of many environmental contexts surrounding participants’ residential locations without creating additional burdens for research participants (i.e., families) in neuroscience studies. However, as the number of linked databases increases, developing a framework that considers the various domains related to child and adolescent environments external to their home becomes crucial. Such a framework needs to identify structural contextual factors that may yield inequalities in children’s built and natural environments; these differences may, in turn, result in downstream negative effects on children from historically minoritized groups. In this paper, we develop such a framework – which we describe as the “adolescent neural urbanome” – and use it to categorize newly geocoded information incorporated into the ABCD Study by the Linked External Data (LED) Environment & Policy Working Group. We also highlight important relationships between the linked measures and describe possible applications of the Adolescent Neural Urbanome. Finally, we provide a number of recommendations and considerations regarding the responsible use and communication of these data, highlighting the potential harm to historically minoritized groups through their misuse.

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Building towards an adolescent neural urbanome: Expanding environmental measures using linked external data (LED) in the ABCD study

Cardenas-Iniguez,

Schachner,

et al. 2024

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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Is Gentrification a Carcinogen? Neighborhood Change and Cancerous Vehicle Emissions in Los Angeles County

Cited by 4 publications

References 98 publications

Association of neighborhood gentrification with prostate cancer and immune markers in African American and European American men

Association of neighborhood gentrification with prostate cancer and immune markers in African American and European American men

Building Towards an Adolescent Neural Urbanome: Expanding Environmental Measures using Linked External Data (LED) in the ABCD Study

Building towards an adolescent neural urbanome: Expanding environmental measures using linked external data (LED) in the ABCD study

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