Is food insecurity related to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents? A summary of studies, 1995–2009

Eisenmann, Joey C.; Gundersen, Craig; Lohman, Brenda J.; Garasky, Steven; Stewart, Susan D.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00820.x

Cited by 182 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Food insecurity has been found to relate to overweight or obesity; however, results are more consistent among women than among men and children (18,19) . There is also some evidence that food insecurity is related to CVD risk factors (20,21) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Place and food insecurity: a critical review and synthesis of the literature

Carter

Dubois

Tremblay

2013

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: In some high-income countries, a sizeable proportion of households are estimated to be food insecure. It is well known that food insecurity varies between countries and is strongly tied to household income level. The local environment may be another level of influence, which has been relatively understudied. The present review sought to synthesize and critically appraise the existing literature examining local environmental characteristics in relation to individual/household-level food insecurity in the general population. Design: A systematic search strategy was used to search MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-process and Other Non-indexed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Social Services Abstracts and Sociological Abstracts databases for studies examining local place characteristic(s) in relation to self-reported food insecurity. Setting: Studies could be experimental or observational, but had to be published in a peer-reviewed journal in French or English, and involve individuals from developed countries. 'Place' was defined locally, as ranging from the street to the county level. Subjects: The target population for the review included non-institutionalized individuals in the general population. Results: After obtaining full-text articles, eighteen primary studies met the eligibility criteria. Most studies were conducted in the USA and all but one was crosssectional. Seven of the eleven studies that examined location of residence found that rural living was inversely associated with food insecurity. Mixed results were seen for other place measures such as social capital and distance to food stores. Conclusions: Studies were heterogeneous and had various limitations that preclude definitive conclusions from being drawn. Recommendations for future research are provided.

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mentioning

confidence: 96%

Place and food insecurity: a critical review and synthesis of the literature

Carter

Dubois

Tremblay

2013

Public Health Nutr.

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“…11 No difficulty buying food was indicated by a response of "never"; all other responses were considered to indicate some difficulty buying food. Our research group has shown that an affirmative response to this question had a sensitivity of 84.9% and a specificity of 91.2%, compared with the Household Food Security Survey 2-item questionnaire, 17 which has been shown to have high sensitivity and specificity compared with the complete US 18-item Household Food Security Survey.…”

Section: Exposure and Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difficulty buying food, BMI, and eating habits in young children

Fuller

Maguire²,

Carsley

et al. 2017

Can J Public Health

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on behalf of the TARGetKids! Collaboration ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: To determine whether parent report of difficulty buying food was associated with child body mass index (BMI) z-score or with eating habits in young children.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study in primary care offices in Toronto, Ontario. Subjects were children aged 1-5 years and their caregivers, recruited through the TARGet Kids! Research Network from July 2008 to August 2011. Regression models were developed to test the association between parent report of difficulty buying food because of cost and the following outcomes: child BMI z-score, parent's report of child's intake of fruit and vegetables, fruit juice and sweetened beverages, and fast food. Confounders included child's age, sex, birth weight, maternal BMI, education, ethnicity, immigration status, and neighbourhood income. RESULTS:The study sample consisted of 3333 children. Data on difficulty buying food were available for 3099 children, and 431 of these (13.9%) were from households reporting difficulty buying food. There was no association with child BMI z-score (p = 0.86). Children from households reporting difficulty buying food (compared with never having difficulty buying food) had increased odds of consuming three or fewer servings of fruits and vegetables per day (odds ratio [OR]: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.69), more than one serving of fruit juice/sweetened beverage per day (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.28-2.00), and, among children 1-2 years old, one or more servings of fast food per week (OR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1.67-5.08).CONCLUSION: Parental report of difficulty buying food is associated with less optimal eating habits in children but not with BMI z-score.KEY WORDS: Child; obesity; diet; poverty; food supply La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.Can 4 The most recent prevalence of food insecurity reported, also using data from the CCHS, was 12.0% in 2014 in participating provinces and territories. 5Household food insecurity has been associated with multiple nutritional risk factors that may be associated with obesity in toddlers, including lower fruit and vegetable intake 6,7 and higher sugar-sweetened beverage intake, 7 as well as lower levels of physical activity and higher screen time in young children. 8 Poverty hasshown similar associations with nutritional risk. 9 Recent studies have also indicated that food insecurity may lead to obesogenic feeding behaviours, such as restriction of food and pressure to eat, in infants. 10 However, studies examining food insecurity as a predictor of obesity in young children have shown conflicting results. 11While some studies have examined food insecurity in the US using national-level data, research specific to the Canadian population is important, as mechanisms of public income and We thank Deborah Frank for her thoughtful feedback on our manuscript. We thank all of the participating families for their time and involvement in TARGet Kids! and are grateful to all practitioners who are currently involved in t...

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“…Food waste in these programmes undermines such goals by increasing children's short-and long-term risk of food insecurity, hunger and/or nutrient deficiencies (8) . Food insecurity is associated with poor diet quality and increased risk for obesity (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) . Recognizing these perils and the resource constraints schools face in addressing food waste, the US Department of Agriculture and US Environmental Protection Agency launched the US Food Waste Challenge in 2013, specifying school meal programme food waste reduction as one of the five campaign priorities (15) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It’s just so much waste.’ A qualitative investigation of food waste in a universal free School Breakfast Program

Blondin

Djang

Metayer

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To understand stakeholders' perspectives on food waste in a universal free School Breakfast Program implementing a Breakfast in the Classroom model. Design: Semi-structured focus groups and interviews were conducted with school district stakeholders. Inductive methods were used to code resulting transcripts, from which themes were identified. The analysis provides a thematic analysis of stakeholders' perspectives on food waste in the School Breakfast Program. Setting: Ten elementary schools in a large urban school district implementing a universal free Breakfast in the Classroom model of the US national School Breakfast Program. Subjects: Elementary-school students (n 85), parents (n 86), teachers (n 44), cafeteria managers (n 10) and school principals (n 10). Results: Stakeholders perceived food waste as a problem and expressed concern regarding the amount of food wasted. Explanations reported for food waste included food-related (palatability and accessibility), child-related (taste preferences and satiation) and programme-related (duration, food service policies, and coordination) factors. Milk and fruit were perceived as foods particularly susceptible to waste. Several food waste mitigation strategies were identified by participants: saving food for later, actively encouraging children's consumption, assisting children with foods during mealtime, increasing staff support, serving smaller portion sizes, and composting and donating uneaten food. Conclusions: Stakeholders recognized food waste as a problem, reported myriad contributing factors, and have considered and employed multiple and diverse mitigation strategies. Changes to the menu and/or implementation logistics, as well as efforts to use leftover food productively, may be possible strategies of reducing waste and improving the School Breakfast Program's economic, environmental and nutritional impact. Keywords Food waste National School Breakfast ProgramBreakfast in the Classroom Elementary school Students

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Is food insecurity related to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents? A summary of studies, 1995–2009

Cited by 182 publications

References 46 publications

Place and food insecurity: a critical review and synthesis of the literature

Place and food insecurity: a critical review and synthesis of the literature

Difficulty buying food, BMI, and eating habits in young children

‘It’s just so much waste.’ A qualitative investigation of food waste in a universal free School Breakfast Program

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