Is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy Really Safe in Long-Term Follow-Up? A Nationwide Retrospective 6-Year Age-Matched Non-Randomized Study

Abstract

Introduction: Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is widely used. However, several studies have reported increased blood pressure immediately after SWL. Until now, the association between SWL and new-onset hypertension has been a topic of discussion. This study is aimed at determining whether SWL leads to new-onset hypertension. Methods: Data were sourced from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 of Taiwan, Republic of China, which was compiled from 1996 to 2010 using National Health Insurance data. Patients who had undergone SWL were compared with controls that were matched for age, sex, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Results: Patients who had undergone SWL had a higher incidence of new-onset hypertension compared to the control groups. Furthermore, new hypertension developed faster in the SWL group. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that an association exists between nephrolithiasis patients who were treated with SWL and subsequent hypertension diagnosis. Patients who undergo SWL may need regular follow-up of blood pressure.

Association between renal urolithiasis after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy therapy and new-onset hypertension: an updated meta-analysis

“…5 In our study using our inclusion criteria, two new articles were included. 12,13 Both of these included studies showed a significant association between new-onset hypertension and patients with urolithiasis who underwent SWL. An update of the literature may be the cause of the inconsistency in the findings between the two meta-analyses.…”

“…Tests for heterogeneity between the seven included studies were performed. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Heterogeneity was defined as P < 0.10 or I 2 > 50%. When homogeneity was adequate (P 0.10 or I 2 50%), a fixed-effects model was used for meta-analysis.…”

“…Seven studies were included in the metaanalysis after our inclusion criteria were applied. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The characteristics of the included studies are shown in Table 1. The publication year of the included studies ranged between 1990 and 2016.…”

“…The publication year of the included studies ranged between 1990 and 2016. Among the seven studies, four 7,10,12,13 showed a significant association between new-onset hypertension and patients with nephrolithiasis who underwent SWL therapy. However, three studies 8,9,11 did not show any significant association between newonset hypertension and patients with nephrolithiasis who underwent SWL therapy.…”

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Kidney Stone Disease Thermobalancing Therapy with Dr Allen’s Device: Key to Successful Ageing Without Medications, Surgery, and Risky Exposure to Coronavirus Infection

“…In many cases, additional surgical procedures are needed. Moreover, recurrence of kidney stones reaches over 50% after five years from the first stone, and 75% within 25 years (43). Recurrent renal colic is associated with the symptoms of both anxiety and depression (44).…”