Is ethnicity linked to incidence or outcomes of covid-19?

Khunti, Kamlesh; Singh, Awadhesh Kumar; Pareek, Manish; Hanif, Wasim

doi:10.1136/bmj.m1548

Cited by 461 publications

(513 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

481

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Multiple reports both in the United States and the United Kingdom have shown that Covid-19 is disproportionately affecting black populations. 7 In this cohort of study participants from the United Kingdom, we found that risk of Covid-19 was over fourfold higher for black participants than for white participants. Prior to this study, data fully adjusting for comorbidities in black populations had not been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Covid-19 Patients from UK Biobank

Kolin

Kulm

Elemento

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective:To explore both clinical and genetic risk factors for Covid-19 in a cohort from the United Kingdom. Design:Prospective cohort study.Participants: 669 positive Covid-19 patients within a cohort of 502,536 UK Biobank participants, recruited between 2006 and 2010. Main Outcome Measures:The main outcome measure was Covid-19 positive status, determined by the presence of any positive test for a single individual. We also assessed risk factors for inpatient and outpatient status for Covid-19 positive individuals. Results:We found that black participants were at over three times increased risk of testing positive for Covid-19, relative to white participants, even after adjusting for confounders (adjusted relative risk [ARR] 3.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.28 to 4.31). Asian participants were also at higher risk of Covid-19 (ARR 2.03, 95% CI 1.40 to 2.95). Next, we analyzed the association of comorbidities with Covid-19. We found that participants were at increased risk of Covid-19 if they had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ARR 1.54, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.31) or ischemic heart disease (ARR 1.56, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.07). However, there was no evidence that either angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ARR 1.32, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.84) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARR 1.37, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.98) increased the risk of Covid-19. We confirmed that blood type A was associated with Covid-19 relative to blood type O individuals, and we also found that the HLA variant DQA1_509 was enriched in Covid-19 positive cases, even after Bonferroni correction (P = 1.0 x 10 -5 ). Conclusions:In this study, we found that black and Asian participants were at increased risk of Covid-19, even after adjusting for confounders. We also identified a novel genetic association with the HLA variant DQA1_509. Further investigations of genetic associations with Covid-19 may lead to important discoveries of genetic drivers of severe disease.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…6 Thiazolidinediones included rosiglitazone, troglitazone, and pioglitazone. 7 Sulfonylureas included glipizide, glibenclamide, glibornuride, gliclazide, gliquidone, acetohexamide, tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, and tolazamide.…”

Section: Copyright/license For Publicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Covid-19 Patients from UK Biobank

Kolin

Kulm

Elemento

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It remains uncertain, for example, whether ethnicity is associated with the incidence of severe covid-19 or with a worse outcome after developing severe disease. 13 Understanding population-level risk factors for covid-19 is of major interest to the general public and public health bodies, and will underpin strategies for population-wide disease prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations with covid-19 hospitalisation amongst 406,793 adults: the UK Biobank prospective cohort study

Khawaja

Warwick

Hysi

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While first systematic reviews about COVID-19 incidences from China relied on ethnically homogenous cohorts, 17,18 ethnically diverse populations, such as in the U.K. and U.S. may exhibit different susceptibility or response to infection because of socioeconomic, cultural, or lifestyle factors, genetic predisposition and pathophysiological differences. Certain vitamin or mineral deficiencies, differences in insulin resistance or vaccination policies in countries of birth may also be contributing factors.…”

Section: Racial Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certain vitamin or mineral deficiencies, differences in insulin resistance or vaccination policies in countries of birth may also be contributing factors. 18 We include variables measuring the composition of U.S. counties regarding racial and ethnic groups.…”

Section: Racial Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Contextual Factors on the Initial Phases of the COVID-19 Outbreak across U.S. Counties

Messner

Payson

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives.To examine the influence of county-and state-level characteristics on the initial phases of the COVID-19 outbreak across U.S. counties up to April 14, 2020. Methods. We used a statistical exponential growth model for the outbreak. Contextual factors at county-and state-level were simultaneously tested with a multilevel linear model. All data was publicly available. Results. Collectivism was positively associated with the outbreak rate. The racial and ethnic composition of counties contributed to outbreak differences, affecting Black/African and Asian Americans most. Counties with a higher median age had a stronger outbreak, as did counties with more people below the age of 18. Higher income, education, and personal health were generally associated with a lower outbreak. Obesity was negatively related to the outbreak. Smoking was negatively related, but only directionally informative. Air pollution was another significant contributor to the outbreak, but population density did not give statistical significance. Conclusions. Because of high intrastate and intercounty variation in contextual factors, policy makers need to target pandemic responses to the smallest subdivision possible, so that countermeasures can be implemented effectively.

show abstract

Is ethnicity linked to incidence or outcomes of covid-19?

Abstract: Preliminary signals must be explored urgently

Cited by 461 publications

References 9 publications

Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Covid-19 Patients from UK Biobank

Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Covid-19 Patients from UK Biobank

Associations with covid-19 hospitalisation amongst 406,793 adults: the UK Biobank prospective cohort study

The Influence of Contextual Factors on the Initial Phases of the COVID-19 Outbreak across U.S. Counties

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About