Is Educational Level Linked to Unable to Work Due to Ill-health?

Jung, Jiyoun; Choi, Jaesung; Myong, Jun‐Pyo; Kim, Hyoung‐Ryoul; Kang, Mo‐Yeol

doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2019.12.010

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Only about 9% of female participants were categorized as high education group while 25.6% of male participants were highly educated. Previous cross-sectional study also revealed that number of elderly female in high education group is much less than that of male participants, 7 and this distributional difference might play a role. In addition to this, another possible explanation is that personal educational level is not a strong determinant of IHR for older Korean female workers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…First, existing evidence has centred on Nordic countries and cannot be generalised to other regions. Especially in Asia, there are far fewer studies on this topic 7,9 . Second, some studies have relied on small study populations or cross-sectional data or have a short follow-up time.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5] Particularly, workers with a lower socioeconomic status, defined by occupational class, income, or educational level, have an increased risk for health-based selection out of employment. 2,3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] It was found that employees with low education level had an elevated risk of IHR compared to those with a high education level.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Especially in Asia, there are far fewer studies on this topic. 7,9 Second, some studies have relied on small study populations or cross-sectional data or have a short follow-up time. Third, most studies have not examined the mediating factor in the relationship between educational level and health-related early work exit.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Educational Inequalities in Ill-Health Retirement Among Middle- and Older-Aged Workers in Korea

Jung

Lee

et al. 2021

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Educational Inequalities in Ill-Health Retirement Among Middle- and Older-Aged Workers in Korea

Jung

Lee

et al. 2021

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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“…One explanation is that higher income and better work conditions attract higher-educated people to work longer ( Potočnik et al., 2009 ). Ill health has also been found to contribute to the association between low education and early retirement ( Jung et al., 2020 ; Lawless et al., 2015 ). It is also possible that higher-educated people delay their retirement to compensate for later career onset and to recoup their earlier investment in education ( Fisher et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequalities in Retirement Life Span in the United States

Shi

Dudel

Monden

et al. 2022

The Journals of Gerontology: Series B

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Objectives The length of retirement life may be highly unequal due to persistent and significant discrepancies in old-age mortality. This study assesses gender and educational differences in the average retirement lifespan and the variation in retirement lifespan, taking into account individual labor force exit and re-entry dynamics. Methods We used longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study from 1996–2016, focusing on respondents aged 50 and above (N = 32,228). Multistate life tables were estimated using discrete-time event history models. The average retirement lifespan, as well as absolute and relative variation in retirement lifespan, were calculated analytically. Results Among women, we found a persistent educational gradient in average retirement lifespan over the whole period studied; among men, the relationship between education and retirement expectancy differed across periods. Women and the lower-educated had higher absolute variation in retirement lifespan than men and the higher-educated—yet these relationships were reversed when examined by relative variation. Discussion Our multistate approach provides an accurate and comprehensive picture of the retirement lifespan of older Americans over the past two decades. Such findings should be considered in high-level discussions on Social Security. Potential reforms such as raising the eligibility age or cutting benefits may have unexpected implications for different social groups due to their differential impacts on retirement initiation and re-entry dynamics.

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Exploring the impact of age and socioeconomic factors on health-related unemployment using propensity score matching: results from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015–2017)

Lee,

Kang

2024

Ann Occup Environ Med

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Background Previous reports showed that age and socioeconomic factors mediated health-related unemployment. However, those studies had limitations controlling for confounding factors. This study examines age and socioeconomic factors contributing to health-related unemployment using propensity score matching (PSM) to control for various confounding variables. Methods Data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2015–2017. We applied a 1:1 PSM to align health factors, and examined the association between health-related unemployment and age or socioeconomic factors through conditional logistic regression. The health-related unemployment group was compared with the employment group. Results Among the 9,917 participants (5,817 women, 4,100 men), 1,182 (853 women, 329 men) were in the health-related unemployment group. Total 911 pairs (629 women pairs and 282 men pairs) were retained after PSM for health factors. The results of conditional logistic regression showed that older age, low individual and household income levels, low education level, receipt of the Basic Livelihood Security Program benefits and longest-held job characteristics were linked to health-related unemployment, despite having similar health levels. Conclusions Older age and low socioeconomic status can increase the risk of health-related unemployment, highlighting the presence of age discrimination and socioeconomic inequality. These findings underscore the importance of proactive management strategies aimed at addressing these disparities, which are crucial for reducing the heightened risk of health-related unemployment.

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Is Educational Level Linked to Unable to Work Due to Ill-health?

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Educational Inequalities in Ill-Health Retirement Among Middle- and Older-Aged Workers in Korea

Educational Inequalities in Ill-Health Retirement Among Middle- and Older-Aged Workers in Korea

Inequalities in Retirement Life Span in the United States

Exploring the impact of age and socioeconomic factors on health-related unemployment using propensity score matching: results from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015–2017)

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