Is different degree of individual specialization in three spider species caused by distinct selection pressures?

Michalko, Radek; Pekár, Stanislav

doi:10.1016/j.baae.2014.08.003

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The strong influence of IGP on the spatial niche of spiders has been observed in, for example, wolf spiders (Lycosidae) (Folz et al, 2006;Schmidt & Rypstra, 2010). In addition, a further study found indirect evidence of the influence of interspecific competition on the population of P. albidus from the other two philodromids (Michalko & Pekár, 2014). However, further study is required to verify the effect of IGP on spatial niche differences.…”

Section: Spatial Nichementioning

confidence: 91%

“…Philodromus albidus is the smallest of the studied species and may be preyed upon by the other two species. In addition, a further study found indirect evidence of the influence of interspecific competition on the population of P. albidus from the other two philodromids (Michalko & Pekár, 2014). Thus, it is quite possible that the differentiation of spatial niche dimensions (some or all of them) reflected an effort on the part of P. albidus to avoid IGP and/or other forms of interspecific competition.…”

Section: Spatial Nichementioning

confidence: 93%

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Niche partitioning and niche filtering jointly mediate the coexistence of three closely related spider species (Araneae, Philodromidae)

Michalko

Pekár

2014

Ecological Entomology

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1. Several mechanisms can mediate the coexistence of species, such as the neutral dynamic, niche filtering and niche partitioning. The present study investigated which of these mechanisms mediate the coexistence of closely related spider species at the scale of one locality.2. The coexistence of three spider species of the genus Philodromus (Philodromidae) (Philodromus albidus, Philodromus aureolus and Philodromus cespitum) was studied. The study area comprised three habitat types, including a deciduous forest, a scrub and a plum tree stand. The spatial niche properties of the Philodromus species were explored by comparing their micro/macrohabitat preferences. The natural diet of these species was analysed. Laboratory experiments involving prey acceptance were conducted to investigate the trophic niche properties. The species' phenologies were studied to compare their temporal niches.3. The philodromids had differentiated their trophic and habitat niches. The coexistence mechanisms were therefore assessed by studying the relationships between niche overlaps and the pairwise product of relative abundances. A negative relationship was observed between functional niche overlaps and the product of relative abundances, whereas a positive relationship was observed between spatial niche overlaps and the product of relative abundances.4. The present results suggest that different mechanisms influence different niche dimensions. Niche partitioning influenced functional niches, whereas niche filtering influenced spatial niches. The results also suggest that the filtering process in one dimension was facilitated by niche differentiation in another dimension.

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Section: Spatial Nichementioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Spatial Nichementioning

confidence: 93%

Niche partitioning and niche filtering jointly mediate the coexistence of three closely related spider species (Araneae, Philodromidae)

Michalko

Pekár

2014

Ecological Entomology

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“…Ordinary least squares and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were also used to test for the effect of days‐since‐flood on daily chlorophyll biomass. We used GLS models to analyse +P treatment effects using continuous AR1 correlation structures in the ‘nlme’ package of R, to account for the autocorrelated error associated with multiple sample points collected on the same day and at irregular intervals (Li & Baron, ; Pinheiro et al ., ; Michalko & Pekár, ). Since

{PO}_{4}^{3 -}

was added only during summer, but samples were taken throughout the open‐water season, we included both reach (treatment/reference) and SRP concentration as variables in our GLS models.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discharge, legacy effects and nutrient availability as determinants of temporal patterns in biofilm metabolism and accrual in an arctic river

Kendrick

Huryn

2015

Freshwater Biology

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Summary Significant changes in the timing of thawing and freezing, annual discharge and nutrient supply are anticipated for arctic river ecosystems due to climate warming. Our understanding of the effects of such changes, however, is poor. Since biofilms are both critical to ecosystem processes and subject to control by combinations of freezing dynamics, discharge and nutrient supply, the effects of climate warming on arctic river ecosystems may be substantial. We studied biofilm accrual and metabolism in the Kuparuk River of Alaska with three objectives. First, we assessed biofilm activity during the open‐water season, including the poorly known ‘shoulder seasons’ (periods shortly after the spring thaw and then before autumn freezing). Second, we assessed how discharge and freezing dynamics may affect temporal patterns in biofilm activity. Third, we assessed biofilm response to increases in PO43− concentrations predicted as the climate warms. Our study consisted of an upstream reference reach and a downstream treatment reach where H3PO4 was experimentally added for two years (2011–2012; ˜0.3 μm increase). We used archived reference‐reach data from 1983 to 2014 to assess discharge–chlorophyll relationships. Mean biofilm gross primary production (GPP) in the reference reach during 2011 and 2012 was 15.4 ± 2.2 (mean ± S.E.) and 13.4 ± 2.5 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively, with spring shoulder season values being significantly higher than the summer values that are more routinely measured. An analysis of a 31‐year record from the reference reach revealed that biofilm chlorophyll biomass was significantly (R2 = 0.39, P < 0.001) related to the discharge regime of the previous summer. This ‘legacy effect’ is attributable to bedfast ice within the river channel during winter that protects biofilms from scour during the spring thaw. Before–after‐control–impact (BACI) analysis showed significant and positive PO43− effects on mean biofilm chl‐a biomass in the treatment reach. This treatment effect was associated with a parallel increase in GPP. High biofilm activity in the Kuparuk River during the shoulder seasons indicates its potential significance to the energetics of arctic river ecosystems, particularly in the context of climate change. The related ‘legacy effect’ probably underlies the scope for rapid recovery of biofilm activity during the spring. Finally, increases in PO43− at concentrations predicted as the climate warms are likely to result in increases in summer biofilm biomass and metabolism. Further studies of biofilm processes during the shoulder seasons, and how these are affected by shifts in discharge, freezing dynamics and nutrient supply, are required for a comprehensive understanding of the effects of climate warming on arctic river ecosystems.

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“…Another possible explanation for the mean predatory activity-specific relationship between predictability and prey density is that individuals with different predatory activity might employ different prey-sampling strategy and/or possess different cognitive styles ( Mathot et al 2012 ; Sih and Del Giudice 2012 ). Individuals with low predatory activity can be choosy while the individuals with high predatory activity can be non-choosy ( Riechert 1991 ; Michalko and Pekár 2014 , 2017 ). Various prey represent different quality for generalist spiders, even at intra-specific level, and spiders are able to recognize that ( Toft 1999 ; Mayntz et al 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral predictability in a lynx spider is interactively influenced by mean behavior, prey density, and an insecticide

et al. 2017

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Behavioral predictability, i.e., short-term intra-individual variability under relatively constant environmental conditions, has only recently begun to gain attention. It is unknown, however, whether predictability of individuals with distinct mean behavior changes differently as a response to ecological factors such as resource availability. Moreover, the response might be affected by anthropogenic contaminants that are ubiquitous in the environment and that can affect animals’ variability in behavior. Here, we investigated the relationship between mean predatory activity and predictability in predatory activity along a prey density gradient in the lynx spider Oxyopes lineatipes. We further examined how this relationship is influenced by insecticides, azadirachtin, and a plant extract from Embelia ribes. We found that all studied variables affected the predictability. In the control and Embelia treatments, that did not differ significantly, the predictability decreased with increasing prey density in a mean behavior-specific way. Individuals with low mean predatory activity were relatively less predictable than were those with high activity from low to moderate prey densities but more predictable at high prey densities. Azadirachtin altered this pattern and the individuals with low predatory activity were less predictable than were those with high predatory activity along the whole gradient of prey density. Our results show that predictability can change along an environmental gradient depending on a mean behavior. The relative predictability of the individuals with distinct mean behavior can depend on the value of the environmental gradient. In addition, this relationship can be affected by anthropogenic contaminants such as pesticides.

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Is different degree of individual specialization in three spider species caused by distinct selection pressures?

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Niche partitioning and niche filtering jointly mediate the coexistence of three closely related spider species (Araneae, Philodromidae)

Niche partitioning and niche filtering jointly mediate the coexistence of three closely related spider species (Araneae, Philodromidae)

Discharge, legacy effects and nutrient availability as determinants of temporal patterns in biofilm metabolism and accrual in an arctic river

Behavioral predictability in a lynx spider is interactively influenced by mean behavior, prey density, and an insecticide

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