Is Determination of Predictors by Cross-Sectional Study Valid?

Hanis, Shiva Mansouri; Mansori, Kamyar

doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.03.047

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Different anonymisation rules were used for different countries. Additionally, the data set uses cross-sectional data, thus associations cannot be interpreted as predictive 35. Finally, due to a number of countries failing to fulfil proportional odds assumptions, different regression models were used, hence, caution must be applied when comparing results between countries or generalising the findings of this study to a different sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does body mass index impact self-perceived health? A pan-European analysis of the European Health Interview Survey Wave 2

Narciso

Croome²

2022

BMJNPH

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BackgroundObesity remains a major global public health issue, despite numerous attempts to address it. Health behaviour theories suggest that a misconception of how excess weight affects general health may be preventing individuals from taking action towards addressing it. The present study explores this relationship in European countries.MethodsThis study analysed cross-sectional secondary data collected as part of the European Health Interview Survey Wave 2 (2013–2015), with a total sample of 299 846 participants. The association between body mass index and self-perceived health was analysed using logistic regression models. Age, sex, country, degree of urbanisation and level of education were included in the model to determine excess weight’s independent contribution to self-perceived health over and above these variables.ResultsThe majority of the sample was in the excess weight category (52.92%; n=155 812), with only Austria and Luxembourg reporting a higher proportion of normal weight than excess weight. An analysis of self-perceived health revealed that most individuals perceived themselves to be in good health (42.88%; n=128 579). Logistic regression results show that overweight individuals were more likely to report being in poorer self-perceived health (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.29) compared with normal weight individuals. The same effect was observed for individuals in the obese class I (OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.96 to 2.05), obese class II (OR=3.00, 95% CI 2.88 to 3.13) and obese class III (OR=4.38, 95% CI 4.07 to 4.71) categories. However, this study did not find a rigid pattern of association between excess weight and self-perceived health across European countries.ConclusionIn general, a higher body mass index category is associated with poorer self-perceived health, suggesting that the majority of the study population have a correct perception of how their weight affects their health. However, in some key countries this relationship is not observed and should be further explored.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does body mass index impact self-perceived health? A pan-European analysis of the European Health Interview Survey Wave 2

Narciso

Croome²

2022

BMJNPH

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“…The main limitation of this study is associated with the cross-sectional design; this means that it is not possible to establish the direction of causality between leisure time activities, executive functions and PTU. Regardless of the results obtained from the SEM model, it is crucial to emphasize that accurate predictions cannot be guaranteed by cross-sectional study [ 44 ]. PTU (dependent variable) would have to occur after structured or unstructured leisure activities (independent variables), and this must be ensured in the prediction model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These relationships were robust, but future studies should investigate them further. Although this study has been carried out in an original way, prediction models resulting from cross-sectional designs can be misleading [ 44 ]. It is, therefore, necessary to consider inverse causation in the interpretation of the results of the present study.…”

Section: Conclusion and Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leisure time activities in adolescents predict problematic technology use

Ibabe

Albertos

Burgo

2023

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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The problematic use of technology of children and adolescents is becoming a growing problem. Research has shown that excessive technology use predicts a variety of psychological and physical health problems. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of leisure time activities (structured and unstructured) in adolescents as a predictor of problematic technology use. Participants were 7723 adolescents, of which 55% were girls, from four Spanish-speaking countries (Chile, Spain, Mexico, and Peru) between the ages of 13 and 18 years. The evaluation instrument applied was the YOURLIFE project self-report questionnaire. Two executive functions were measured: goal setting and inhibitory control. Using structural equation modeling, findings indicated that structured leisure time activities predicted less PTU, whereas unstructured activities predicted more PTU, MLχ2 (69, N = 7723) = 806.60; CFI = 0.929, RMSEA = 0.042, and the model had good predictive capacity for PTU (R2 = 0.46). Structured and unstructured activities also showed indirect effects on PTU through executive functions. As adolescents spent more time in unstructured leisure activities, poorer goal setting, inhibitory control skills, and more PTU were found. The opposite was true for structured leisure time activities. Implications of structured leisure activities to develop executive functioning and to prevent PTU for adolescents are discussed.

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“…Furthermore, univariable analysis does not consider the contribution of other exposures. Although multivariable modelling would resolve this, their use in cross-sectional studies is misleading due to a lack of temporality [ 27 ]. Thus, risk factors were assessed individually for a more valid interpretation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for complex posttraumatic stress disorder in UK police

Steel

Tehrani²,

Billings

2021

Occupational Medicine

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Background Police officers are frequently exposed to distressing and dangerous situations, increasing their risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (C-PTSD). Research examining C-PTSD in police officers is sparse, particularly examination of the occupational risk factors for trauma symptoms. Aims This study aimed to examine the prevalence and risk factors for PTSD and C-PTSD in UK police officers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using psychological health surveillance data from the UK National Police Wellbeing Service. Police officers were either from high-risk areas of work or had been referred for screening by occupational health practitioners regarding psychological distress. The primary outcome for this study was a positive screening of either PTSD or C-PTSD, measured using the International Trauma Questionnaire. A range of occupational, clinical and lifestyle factors was examined to establish their role as potential risk factors for PTSD and C-PTSD. Results In total, 2444 UK police officers were included, with 89% from high-risk areas of work. A prevalence of 3% for PTSD and 2% for C-PTSD was found in police officers from high-risk areas of work. Higher work stress and lower manager support were found to increase the odds of C-PTSD but not PTSD. Higher personal trauma history increased the risk for PTSD and C-PTSD equally. Conclusions Work-related occupational factors increased the odds of PTSD and C-PTSD in police officers, which could be important risk factors for trauma symptoms within police officers. Efforts should be made to improve the working environment of police officers to help improve their psychological well-being.

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Is Determination of Predictors by Cross-Sectional Study Valid?

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

How does body mass index impact self-perceived health? A pan-European analysis of the European Health Interview Survey Wave 2

How does body mass index impact self-perceived health? A pan-European analysis of the European Health Interview Survey Wave 2

Leisure time activities in adolescents predict problematic technology use

Risk factors for complex posttraumatic stress disorder in UK police

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