Is cumulative exposure to economic hardships more hazardous to women's health than men's? A 16-year follow-up study of the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions

Ahnquist, Johanna; Fredlund, Peeter; Wamala, Sarah

doi:10.1136/jech.2006.049395

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…difficulties in paying bills or making ends meet on recurrent events in CAD patients. Studies which investigated the health detrimental effects of financial stress in healthy populations have yielded similar results to those of the present study: income, education or other SES indexes did not fully explain the association between financial strain and health [11,12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Although a number of epidemiological studies have found an association between SES indexes and CAD morbidity and mortality, few have looked at health consequences arising from experiencing financial strain [11,12], a factor which considers not only available funds for living, but also the possibilities to balance them with outgoings [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Financial strain predicts recurrent events among women with coronary artery disease

Georgiades

Janszky

Blom

et al. 2009

International Journal of Cardiology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial strain predicts recurrent events among women with coronary artery disease

Georgiades

Janszky

Blom

et al. 2009

International Journal of Cardiology

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“…Next the respective time invariant and lagged time-varying demographic (Model 2), socioeconomic (Model 3), and health characteristics (Models 4) were added. It has been shown that the effects of financial hardship on health status might differ between men and women (33); therefore all analyses were stratified by gender.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial Hardship and Mortality among Older Adults Using the 1996–2004 Health and Retirement Study

Tucker-Seeley

Subramanian

et al. 2009

Annals of Epidemiology

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PURPOSE We investigated the effect of financial hardship on mortality risk in a community-dwelling sample of adults age 50+ in the United States. METHOD The 1996 Health and Retirement Study cohorts were followed prospectively to 2004 (N=8,377). Gender-stratified grouped Cox models were used to estimate the difference in the RR of mortality between a specific number of financial hardships (one, two, or three or more) and no hardships; and the predictive utility of each individual financial hardship for mortality during the follow up period. RESULTS Gender-stratified models adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, and functional limitations in 1996 showed that women reporting one (HR=1.42, 95% CI, 1.05, 1.92) or three or more (HR=1.60, 95% CI, 1.05, 2.46) and men reporting two (HR=1.80, 95% CI, 1.21, 2.69) financial hardships had a substantially higher probability of mortality compared to those reporting no financial hardships. Individual financial hardships that predicted mortality in fully adjusted models for women included receiving Medicaid (HR=2.23, 95% CI, 1.68, 2.98) and for men receiving Medicaid (HR=2.11, 95% CI, 1.57, 2.84) and receiving food stamps (HR=1.59, 95% CI, 1.09, 2.33). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that over and above the influence of traditional measures of socioeconomic status, financial hardship exerts an influence on the risk of mortality among older adults; and that the number and type of hardships important in predicting mortality may differ for men and women.

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“…Low-income women are often faced with the need to focus on quantity, rather than quality, of their food purchases, and although they are often aware of the foods that should be included in a healthful diet, purchasing and consuming these foods on a regular basis may be impossible due to financial constraints (Wiig Dammann and Smith 2009). Furthermore, because parents who head low-income families are more likely to report missing meals (Blake et al 2011), and because financial stress may lead to poor health outcomes, particularly among women, (Ahnquist, Fredlund, and Wamala 2007), the temporary or transitional nature of limited household incomes may be of special consideration during times of economic hardship. .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's Perceptions of the Relationship Between Recent Life Events, Transitions, and Diet in Midlife: Findings from a Focus Group Study

2012

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Research indicates that history and early life events and trajectories influence women’s dietary behaviors. Yet, the social context in which recent life changes occur requires greater understanding, particularly regarding changes that embody the interconnectedness of women and their families, and how those changes affect women’s dietary decisions and behaviors. The data presented here were the product of eight focus groups that we conducted in one Maryland county in the fall of 2009. Our participants were 43 women with limited financial resources aged 40–64 years. In this analysis, we focused on women’s perceptions of the relation of recent life transitions and events to the dietary decisions they made for themselves and their families. Our findings suggested that transitions and events related to household structure, health status, phases of motherhood, and shifts in financial and employment status all had the potential to have profound and immediate effects on women’s dietary decisions and resulting dietary behaviors. We used the focus group data to consider implications for developing intervention strategies designed to improve self-efficacy and negotiation skills around dietary issues as a means of promoting healthy decision-making among women in midlife, particularly in times of familial upheaval and in circumstances where financial resources are limited.

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Is cumulative exposure to economic hardships more hazardous to women's health than men's? A 16-year follow-up study of the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions

Cited by 47 publications

References 41 publications

Financial strain predicts recurrent events among women with coronary artery disease

Financial strain predicts recurrent events among women with coronary artery disease

Financial Hardship and Mortality among Older Adults Using the 1996–2004 Health and Retirement Study

Women's Perceptions of the Relationship Between Recent Life Events, Transitions, and Diet in Midlife: Findings from a Focus Group Study

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