Is convergence surprising? An examination of the frequency of convergence in simulated datasets

Stayton, C. Tristan

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.01.008

Cited by 104 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…By contrast, an analysis of convergent interactions might compare the interspecific interactions of organisms of different phylogenetic clades across geographically distant systems; for example, among trees and ectomycorrhizal symbionts from North America and Australia ( Figure 1A). Convergent evolution is best understood in a phylogenetic framework, where trait evolution can be traced through ancestral nodes and the independence of a particular trait can be explored [18,19]. However, the ancestral nodes of entire communities (however defined) cannot be modeled with phylogenies, because of the continual exchange of species among habitats within a region [20].…”

Section: Situating Convergent Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence in Multispecies Interactions

Bittleston

Pierce

Ellison

et al. 2016

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

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Section: Situating Convergent Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence in Multispecies Interactions

Bittleston

Pierce

Ellison

et al. 2016

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

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“…However, our model shows that evolutionary convergence can occur through the action of the non-selective forces of mutation, recombination and genetic drift. This means that random evolutionary change can cause species to become more similar to each other than their ancestors were , as also shown by Stayton (2008). Stayton (2008) simulated evolution along phylogenies according to a Brownian motion model of trait change and demonstrated that rates of convergence can be quite high when clades are diversifying under only the influence of genetic drift.…”

Section: Convergence Complementarity and Driftmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Convergence Complementarity and Driftmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…developmental constraints) in the production of variation can also lead to convergence. For example, if the variation produced is limited, then unrelated species are likely to produce the same variation, which may then become fixed in the population by genetic drift (Losos, 2011;Stayton, 2008). This a common feature of biological systems because in the evolution of DNA there are only four possible states for a given nucleotide position, and therefore it is likely that distantly related taxa will independently acquire the same change by chance (Losos, 2011).…”

Section: Convergence Complementarity and Driftmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that random evolutionary change can cause species to become more similar to each other than their ancestors were , as also shown by Stayton (2008). Stayton (2008) 12 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.…”

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confidence: 95%

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The emergence of network structure, complementarity and convergence from basic ecological and genetic processes

Encinas‐Viso

Etienne

2014

Preprint

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Plant-animal mutualistic networks are highly diverse and structured. This has been explained by coevolution through niche based processes. However, this explanation is only warranted if neutral processes (e.g. limited dispersal, genetic and ecological drift) cannot explain these patterns. Here we present a spatially explicit model based on explicit genetics and quantitative traits to study the connection between genome evolution, speciation and plant-animal network demography. We consider simple processes for the speciation dynamics of plant-animal mutualisms: ecological (dispersal, demography) and genetic processes (mutation, recombination, drift) and morphological constraints (matching of quantitative trait) for species interactions, particularly mating. We find the evolution of trait convergence and complementarity and topological features observed in real plant-animal mutualistic webs (i.e. nestedness and centrality). Furthermore, the morphological constraint for plant reproduction generates higher centrality among plant individuals (and species) than in animals, consistent with observations. We argue that simple processes are able to reproduce some well known ecological and evolutionary patterns of plant-animal mutualistic webs. IntroductionSince Darwin's book "On The Origin of Species" (Darwin, 1862b), the idea of coevolution 1 has sparked interest from biologists trying to understand how species interactions generate trait changes. The first clear indication of coevolution was Darwin's moth example (Darwin, 1862a) showing that the long corolla from the orchid Angraecum sesquispedale could only be reached by a pollinator species with a similar proboscis length. However, much later Janzen (1980) argued that this amazingly high specialization between plants and animals was not the only example of coevolution. He explained that coevolution can also be the product of multiplespecies interactions, a term that he coined "diffuse coevolution". Diffuse coevolution means that selection on traits is determined by the interaction of all species in the community and not only * Corresponding author: franencinas@gmail.com 1 defined as reciprocal evolutionary change between species 1. CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/007393 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jul. 23, 2014; based on pair-wise interactions. This is based on the idea of pollination or dispersal "syndromes", where plants have a set of traits that attract a specific group of pollinator or animal seed-disperser species.Later, the idea of "diffuse coevolution" was related to patterns of nestedness detected across biogeographic regions in mutualistic networks. Nestedness, defined as a non-random pattern of interactions where specialist species interact with proper subsets of more generalist species puts the concept of "diffuse co...

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Tail Weaponry in Ankylosaurs and Glyptodonts: An Example of a Rare but Strongly Convergent Phenotype

Arbour

Zanno

2019

The Anatomical Record

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The unusual clubbed tails of glyptodonts among mammals and ankylosaurines among dinosaurs most likely functioned as weapons of intraspecific combat or interspecific defense and are characterized by stiffening of the distal tail and, in some taxa, expansion of the distal tail tip. Although similarities in tail weaponry have been noted as a potential example of convergent evolution, this hypothesis has not been tested quantitatively, particularly with metrics that can distinguish convergence from long‐term stasis, assess the relative strength of convergence, and identify potential constraints in the appearance of traits during the stepwise, independent evolution of these structures. Using recently developed metrics of convergence within a phylomorphospace framework, we document that convergence accounts for over 80% of the morphological evolution in traits associated with tail weaponry in ankylosaurs and glyptodonts. In addition, we find that ankylosaurs and glyptodonts shared an independently derived, yet constrained progression of traits correlated with the presence of a tail club, including stiffening of the distal tail as a precedent to expansion of the tail tip in both clades. Despite differences in the anatomical construction of the tail club linked to lineage‐specific historical contingency, these lineages experienced pronounced, quantifiable convergent evolution, supporting hypotheses of functional constraints and shared selective pressures on the evolution of these distinctive weapons. Anat Rec, 303:988–998, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Is convergence surprising? An examination of the frequency of convergence in simulated datasets

Cited by 104 publications

References 76 publications

Convergence in Multispecies Interactions

Convergence in Multispecies Interactions

The emergence of network structure, complementarity and convergence from basic ecological and genetic processes

Tail Weaponry in Ankylosaurs and Glyptodonts: An Example of a Rare but Strongly Convergent Phenotype

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