Is Coastal Eutrophication Out of Control?

Pelley, Janet

doi:10.1021/es983777p

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Coastal water ecosystems respond to such changes in nutrient budgets by shifting population dynamics of phytoplankton and hence of the rest of the food web, leading to changes in top-down as well as bottom-up control of community structures (Landry et al 1997). Current research on coastal eutrophication largely concerns the response to the increased plant nutrient (N, P, and Si) loadings from land, and trace metals (e.g., Fe) are usually considered to be in excess in coastal waters due to natural weathering and, most recently, pollution drainage from land source (De Jonge et al 1994;Pelley 1998). In eutrophic coastal waters, photosynthesis is traditionally believed to be limited by one of the major plant nutrients (e.g., N or P) due to a distorted nutrient ratio and enhanced influx (Turner and Rabalais 1994;Humborg et al 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence of trace metal limited photosynthesis in eutrophic estuarine and coastal waters

Zhang

2000

Limnology & Oceanography

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Based on field observations and incubation experiments, this study provides evidence that trace metal limited (e.g., Fe) photosynthesis may function in eutrophic coastal waters. In the Zhujiang (Pearl River) Estuary and the adjacent coastal area, analyses of water samples indicate that phytoplankton photosynthesis is apparently phosphorus limited in the freshwater and upper estuary and nitrogen and/or silica limited in the coastal waters farther offshore. The incubation experiments using in situ water samples show, however, that in both cases photosynthesis can be enhanced by addition of trace elements (e.g., Fe and Cu). This is presumably because exogenous influx of major plant nutrients has skewed the primary production toward trace‐element limitation, which in turn limits the increase in chlorophyll biomass and full consumption of major nutrients in eutrophic coastal waters as compared to the nutrient‐poor oligotrophic open ocean.

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confidence: 99%

Evidence of trace metal limited photosynthesis in eutrophic estuarine and coastal waters

Zhang

2000

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…is a national need to find profitable, weed management systems that help farmers reduce both soil erosion and surface water contamination by sediment, nutrients, and herbicides, without greatly changing current farming practices (i.e., without reducing yields or increasing costs). Most farmers now rely on herbicides and, to a lesser extent, cultivation for controlling weeds in corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean in the Midwest (Anonymous, 1999) If unanticipated, unpredictable, and negative environmental effects of current weed management practices (Brock, 1982; Daniel et al, 1998; Logan et al, 1987; Mutchler and Greer, 1984; Pelly, 1998; Richards and Baker, 1993) are to be minimized, then both cultivation and herbicide use must be reduced (Logan, 1993; Logan et al, 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

Timing and Frequency of Between‐Row Mowing and Band‐Applied Herbicide for Annual Weed Control in Soybean

Donald

2000

Agronomy Journal

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did not consistently control weeds from year to year, two or more BR mowings consistently controlled weeds Alternative ways are needed to control weeds in field crops that in this BR-mowing weed management system (Donald, reduce or prevent both herbicide contamination of surface and ground water and soil erosion. A new weed management system, which con-2000b). It is not known, however, how to best time BR sisted of band-applied herbicides over the soybean [Glycine max mowing to most effectively or flexibly control weeds (L.) Merr., 'Morsoy 9137'] row and two or more between-row (BR) and reduce weed competition in soybean. Neither the mowings, was optimized in a soybean field near Columbia, MO. Beoptimum timing between starting and stopping BR tween-row mowing very close to the soil surface twice with a mower mowing nor the optimum frequency of mowing (two or killed or suppressed annual grass and broadleaf weeds, chiefly giant three mowings per growing season) are known. Knowlfoxtail (Setaria faberi R. Herrm.), common ragweed (Ambrosia aredge of how to best time BR mowing to optimize weed temisiifolia L.), and waterhemp species (Amaranthus spp.), when control would allow greater flexibility in using the BRproperly timed. When band-applied herbicide controlled weeds within mowing weed management system. the crop row, annual weeds between rows could be mowed once whenManagement decisions concerning when and how frethe tallest weeds were 8 to 24 cm tall and again just before crop canopy closure, without yield loss. No more than two BR mowings quently to mow weeds between rows will likely depend were needed to control annual weeds. Shading by crop canopy closure upon weed species and density, as well as the relative contributed to weed suppression in this BR-mowing weed managetimes of emergence and relative growth rates of weeds ment system. Soybean yield in the BR-mowing weed management compared with the crop. Crop management practices system could not be statistically distinguished from hoed, weed-free that stimulate early crop canopy closure, such as narrow check plots or broadcast-herbicide treatments and was greater than row spacing, fertilization for optimum yield, or early the weedy check plots. Herbicide use was reduced 50% by banding planting, may affect the number and timing of BR mowbecause only 50% of the field area was sprayed. The BR-mowing ings required for acceptable weed control. Crop canopy weed management system may have use in environmentally sensitive closure will likely limit the window of opportunity for areas to help reduce soil erosion and/or water contamination by her-BR mowing because vehicle traffic will likely damage bicides.Abbreviations: BR, between row; IR, in row. Published in Agron.

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“…Coastal marine waters are usually enriched in nutrients and trace metals compared with the open ocean (e.g., Kremling and Hydes, 1988;Kremling and Pohl, 1989;De Jonge et al, 1994;Nixon, 1995;Paerl, 1997;Pelley, 1998;Le Gal et al, 1999). This enrichment results from the direct influence of rivers, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), atmospheric dust deposition, natural weathering, or anthropogenic sources discharging along the coast (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation and sources of dissolved trace metals in Maó Harbour, Minorca Island

Martínez-Soto

Tovar-Sánchez

Sánchez-Quiles

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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The environmental conditions of semi-enclosed coastal water-bodies are directly related to the catchment, human activities, and oceanographic setting in which they are located. As a result of low tidal forcing, and generally weak currents, waters in Mediterranean harbours are poorly renewed, leading to quality deterioration. Here, we characterise the seasonal variation of trace metals (i.e. Co, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in surface waters, and trace metal content in sediments from Maó Harbour, a semi-enclosed coastal ecosystem in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Our results show that most of the dissolved trace metals in the waters of Maó Harbour exhibit a marked inner-outer concentration gradient, suggesting a permanent input into the inner part of the harbour. In general, metal concentrations in the waters of Maó Harbour are higher than those in offshore waters. Concentration of Cu (21±8nM), Fe (9.2±3.2nM) and Pb (1.3±0.4nM) are particularly high when compared with other coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea. The concentration of some metals such as Cu and Zn increases during summertime, when the human population and boat traffic increase during the tourism season, and when resuspension from the metal enriched sediments is higher. The evaluation of the metal sources in the harbour reveals that, compared with other putative sources such as runoff, aerosol deposition and fresh groundwater discharges, contaminated sediments are the main source of the metals found in the water column, most likely through vessel-driven resuspension events. This study contributes to the understanding of the processes that control the occurrence and distribution of trace metals in Maó Harbour, thus aiding in the effective management of the harbour, and enhancing the overall quality of the seawater ecosystem.

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Is Coastal Eutrophication Out of Control?

Cited by 31 publications

References 7 publications

Evidence of trace metal limited photosynthesis in eutrophic estuarine and coastal waters

Evidence of trace metal limited photosynthesis in eutrophic estuarine and coastal waters

Timing and Frequency of Between‐Row Mowing and Band‐Applied Herbicide for Annual Weed Control in Soybean

Seasonal variation and sources of dissolved trace metals in Maó Harbour, Minorca Island

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