Is CO2 flux from oil palm plantations on peatland controlled by soil moisture and/or soil and air temperatures?

Marwanto, Setiari; Agus, Fahmuddin

doi:10.1007/s11027-013-9518-3

Cited by 44 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Moisture was a stronger driver of heterotrophic CO 2 losses than temperature during the measurement period, however, only at the 2006 plantation. This is in line with findings from drained oil palm plantations in Indonesia (Jauhiainen et al 2005;Marwanto and Agus 2014). Within the range of moisture contents found at the 2006 sites (around 20% volumetric moisture content), greater soil water content increased CO 2 emissions suggesting moisture limitation of decomposition.…”

Section: Environmental Controls Of Co 2 Emissionssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The association between peat temperature and heterotrophic respiration is driven by an exponential increase in enzymatic activity in response to higher temperatures up to c. 45°C (Luo and Zhou 2006). Waterlogged conditions of peatlands may limit CO 2 emissions by generating anaerobiosis which reduces peat oxygenation, while very dry conditions and water deficit may also restrain microbial respiration (Jauhianien et al 2005;Marwanto and Agus 2014). However, to date neither peat temperature nor moisture controls of CO 2 emissions from oil palm plantations are well understood, particularly in the context of in situ fluxes separated into autotropic and heterotrophic components of emissions (Couwenberg et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High heterotrophic CO2 emissions from a Malaysian oil palm plantation during dry-season

Matysek

Evers

Samuel

et al. 2017

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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Tropical peatlands are currently being rapidly cleared and drained for the establishment of oil palm plantations, which threatens their globally significant carbon sequestration capacity. Large-scale land conversion of tropical peatlands is important in the context of greenhouse gas emission factors and sustainable land management. At present, quantification of carbon dioxide losses from tropical peatlands is limited by our understanding of the relative contribution of heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration to net peat surface CO 2 emissions. In this study we separated heterotrophic and autotrophic components of peat CO 2 losses from two oil palm plantations (one established in '2000' and the other in 1978, then replanted in '2006') using chamber-based emissions sampling along a transect from the rooting to non-rooting zones on a peatland in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia over the course of 3 months (June-August, 2014). Collar CO 2 measurements were compared with soil temperature and moisture at site and also accompanied by depth profiles assessing peat C and bulk density. The soil respiration decreased exponentially with distance from the palm trunks with the sharpest decline found for the plantation with the younger palms with overall fluxes of 1341 and 988 mg CO 2 m -2 h -1 , respectively, at the 2000 and 2006 plantations, respectively. The mean heterotrophic flux was 909 ± SE 136 and 716 ± SE 201 mg m -2 h -1 at the 2000 and 2006 plantations, respectively. Autotrophic emissions adjacent to the palm trunks were 845 ± SE 135 and 1558 ± SE 341 mg m -2 h -1 at the 2000 and 2006 plantations, respectively. Heterotrophic CO 2 flux was positively related to peat soil moisture, but not temperature. Total peat C stocks were 60 kg m -2 (down to 1 m depth) and did not vary among plantations of different ages but SOC concentrations declined significantly with depth at both plantations

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Section: Environmental Controls Of Co 2 Emissionssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High heterotrophic CO2 emissions from a Malaysian oil palm plantation during dry-season

Matysek

Evers

Samuel

et al. 2017

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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“…All studies measured WT depth as the distance between soil surface and groundwater level (see database 2 for measurement methods). Since groundwater depths are less than WT depths at field collection drains [44,56,57], practitioners should apply our models only to groundwater measurements.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies measured soil CO 2 flux during daytime hours, when soil temperature tends to be higher than at night, leading to inflated emission estimates [23,24,63]. An exception, Marwanto and Agus [64] assessed emissions throughout the day and night. To correct for elevated daytime soil respiration rates, we applied the 14.5% reduction suggested by Jauhiainen et al [24] to all sites except Marwanto and Agus [64].…”

Section: Soil Respiration From Closed Chamber Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling relationships between water table depth and peat soil carbon loss in Southeast Asian plantations

Carlson

Goodman

May-Tobin

2015

Environ. Res. Lett.

112

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Plantation-associated drainage of Southeast Asian peatlands has accelerated in recent years. Draining exposes the upper peat layer to oxygen, leading to elevated decomposition rates and net soil carbon losses. Empirical studies indicate positive relationships between long-term water table (WT) depth and soil carbon loss rate in peatlands. These correlations potentially enable using WT depth as a proxy for soil carbon losses from peatland plantations. Here, we compile data from published research assessing WT depth and carbon balance in tropical plantations on peat. We model net carbon loss from subsidence studies, as well as soil respiration (heterotrophic and total) from closed chamber studies, as a function of WT depth. WT depth across all 12 studies and 59 sites is 67 ± 20 cm (mean ± standard deviation). Mean WT depth is positively related to net carbon loss, as well as soil respiration rate. Our models explain 45% of net carbon loss variation and 45-63% of soil respiration variation. At a 70 cm WT depth, the subsidence model suggests net carbon loss of 20 tC ha −1 yr −1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 18-22 tC ha −1 yr −1 ) for plantations drained for >2 yr. Closed chambermeasured total soil respiration at this depth is 20 tC-CO 2 ha −1 yr −1 (CI 17-24 tC-CO 2 ha −1 yr −1 ) while heterotrophic respiration is 17 tC-CO 2 ha −1 yr −1 (CI 14-20 tC-CO 2 ha −1 yr −1 ), ∼82% of total respiration. While land use is not a significant predictor of soil respiration, WT depths are greater at acacia (75 ± 16 cm) than oil palm (59 ± 15 cm) sample sites. Improved spatio-temporal sampling of the full suite of peat soil carbon fluxes-including fluvial carbon export and organic fertilizer inputswill clarify multiple mechanisms leading to carbon loss and gain, supporting refined assessments of the global warming potential of peatland drainage.

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“…Faktor-faktor lingkungan yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap besarnya emisi karbon dari lahan gambut adalah suhu dan kelembapan tanah, serta electrical conductivity (EC), atau daya hantar listrik (Saiz et al 2007;Setia et al 2011). Ketiga faktor ini sangat berfluktuasi dari hari ke hari tergantung dari faktor iklim dan hidrologis sehingga berdampak pada tingginya fluktuasi emisi karbon (Hirano et al 2014;Jauhiainen et al 2014;Marwanto & Agus 2014). Untuk itu diperlukan usahausaha untuk melakukan pengukuran dan monitoring emisi CO 2 dari lahan gambut dan parameter lingkungan biofisik yang memengaruhinya.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Environmental Biophysics and CO2 Emission in Bare Peatland for Sustainable Biomass Production

Chadirin¹,

Saptomo²,

Rudiyanto³

et al. 2016

JIPI

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ABSTRAKLingkungan biofisik lahan gambut fluktuatif dan berpengaruh terhadap emisi CO2 tanah. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan sistem monitoring lingkungan biofisik dan emisi CO2 yang dapat mengukur secara kontinu sehingga dapat diketahui jumlah emisi karbon tahunan yang lebih akurat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem monitoring lingkungan biofisik di lahan gambut dan hubungannya dengan emisi CO2 dari lahan gambut terbuka tanpa vegetasi. Sistem pengukuran dan monitoring parameter lingkungan biofisik yang telah disusun telah dapat berfungsi dengan baik yang meliputi parameter cuaca dan lingkungan biofisik dalam tanah (suhu, kelembapan tanah, dan tinggi muka air tanah). Emisi karbon yang terukur pada lahan gambut terbuka tanpa vegetasi sebesar 62,25 ton CO2/ha/tahun. Emisi karbon memiliki hubungan positif dengan temperatur tanah namun memiliki hubungan negatif dengan kelembapan tanah dan curah hujan. PENDAHULUANIndonesia memiliki luas daratan sekitar 188,2 juta ha, terdiri dari lahan kering dan rawa. Di wilayah Asia Tenggara, Indonesia termasuk negara dengan luas lahan rawa yang terbesar, yakni luasnya sekitar 33 juta ha, 20,6 juta ha diantaranya merupakan lahan gambut. Lahan gambut tersebut sebagian besar tersebar di tiga pulau besar, yaitu Sumatera (35%), Kalimantan (32%), Papua (30%), Sulawesi (3%), dan sisanya (3%) tersebar pada areal yang sempit (Wibowo & Suyatno 1998;Wahyunto et al. 2005a;Wahyunto & Heryanto 2005b). Lahan gambut merupakan tanah organik yang mempunyai kandungan karbon tinggi dan salah satu sumber daya alam yang mempunyai fungsi hidrorologi.Luas lahan gambut yang demikian besar menjadi tantangan untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan pertanian untuk menghasilkan bahan pangan maupun bahan baku industri kehutanan. Melalui pengelolaan lahan gambut berkelanjutan (sustainable peatland management), lahan gambut dapat dikelola menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit dan hutan tanaman industri dengan meminimalkan dampak kerusakan lingkungan. Tanaman sawit dan akasia yang ditanam di lahan gambut berfungsi sebagai penambat (sequester) karbon melalui proses fotosintesa dan karbon disimpan sebagai biomassa tanaman. Proses penambatan karbon melalui proses fotosintesa ini mampu mengimbangi hilangnya cadangan karbon dalam tanah yang teroksidasi menjadi emisi gas CO 2 .Disadari bahwa emisi karbon dari lahan gambut sangatlah berfluktuasi tergantung banyak faktor diantaranya iklim, tanah, dan hidrologis. Faktor-faktor lingkungan yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap besarnya emisi karbon dari lahan gambut adalah suhu dan kelembapan tanah, serta electrical conductivity (EC), atau daya hantar listrik (Saiz et al. 2007;Setia et al.

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Is CO2 flux from oil palm plantations on peatland controlled by soil moisture and/or soil and air temperatures?

Cited by 44 publications

References 24 publications

High heterotrophic CO2 emissions from a Malaysian oil palm plantation during dry-season

High heterotrophic CO2 emissions from a Malaysian oil palm plantation during dry-season

Modeling relationships between water table depth and peat soil carbon loss in Southeast Asian plantations

Environmental Biophysics and CO2 Emission in Bare Peatland for Sustainable Biomass Production

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