Is clumsiness a marker for Asperger syndrome?

Ghaziuddin, Mohammad; Butler, Erin E.; Tsai, Luke Y.; Ghaziuddin, Neera

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1994.tb00440.x

Cited by 153 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In each study children with ASD had significantly poorer motor abilities and more frequent subtle neurological signs compared to the control group. Studies have revealed that the rate of motor impairments generally converge on 80-90 percent of the cases [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Some of such studies confirmed this claim by comparing the scores of Peabody test and Bayley test in children with autism and their typical peers.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

The Effect of Movement Activities in Synchronization With Music on Motor Proficiency of Children With Autism

Atigh¹,

Akbarfahimi

Zarei

2017

Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies

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Objectives: Although social deficits are the main features of autism, children in autism spectrum disorder often too display difficulties with posture, coordination and motor planning. As such, poor motor skills are believed to be associated with greater difficulties in social communication. Some recent studies show that music can improve the sensory processing and motor functions by affecting brain connectivity. The present study aims to examine the effect of movement activities in synchronization with music on motor proficiency of 7 to 14 years old children with low functioning autism. Materials & Methods:A double-blind randomized controlled trial design was used in this study. Twenty two subjects participated in the study and assigned into experimental and control groups randomly. The interventions consisted of movement activities with music for experimental group and without music for control group. Motor proficiency of subjects such as balance performance, bilateral coordination and upper limb coordination were assessed by trained independent evaluator before the treatment and also after 12 th and 24 th therapeutic sessions using 3 subtests of Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP). The effect of interventions in two groups were compared by repeated measures ANOVA. Results:The results indicated that both interventions improved motor performance in the participants but the effects of interventions on balance performance (P<0.001), bilateral coordination (P<0.05) and upper limb coordination (P<0.001) were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion:Movement therapy is beneficial for children with autism, but movement activities in synchronization with music can accelerate improvements in motor proficiency of these children. A B S T R A C T Article info:Received: 08 Jan. 2017

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

The Effect of Movement Activities in Synchronization With Music on Motor Proficiency of Children With Autism

Atigh¹,

Akbarfahimi

Zarei

2017

Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies

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“…Motor difficulties in AS have been widely reported with some studies indicating the prevalence of such difficulties as exceeding 80% (Ghaziuddin, Tsai & Ghaziuddin, 1994;Miyahara et al, 1997). Difficulties with specific aspects of motor function have been reported as well as general clumsiness associated with poor motor planning, coordination and fine motor difficulties (Attwood;Green et al, 2003).…”

Section: Motor Function In Asperger's Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Orientation to (daily) Occupational Performance (CO‐OP) with children with Asperger's syndrome who have motor‐based occupational performance goals

Rodger

Brandenburg

2009

Aus Occup Therapy J

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“…7 Other studies, however, have found no difference between autism and Asperger disorder on standardized motor assessments 8 and tests of coordination. 9 Thus, although there may be behavioural differences in motor function, this area is controversial.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary transcranial magnetic stimulation study of cortical inhibition and excitability in high‐functioning autism and Asperger disorder

Enticott

Rinehart

Tonge

et al. 2010

Develop Med Child Neuro

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AIM Controversy surrounds the distinction between high-functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger disorder, but motor abnormalities are associated features of both conditions. This study examined motor cortical inhibition and excitability in HFA and Asperger disorder using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).METHOD Participants were diagnosed by experienced clinicians strictly according to DSM-IV criteria. Participants with HFA (nine males, two females; mean age 16y 8mo, SD 4y 5mo) or Asperger disorder (11 males, three females; mean age 19y 1mo, SD 4y 2mo) and neurotypical participants (eight males, three females; mean age 19y 0mo, SD 3y 1mo) were administered a paired-pulse TMS paradigm intended to assess motor cortical inhibition and excitability. Responses to TMS were recorded by electromyography. RESULTSCortical inhibition was significantly reduced in the HFA group compared with both the Asperger disorder (p<0.001) and neurotypical (p<0.001) groups, suggesting disruption of activity at gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA A ) receptors. There was no group difference in cortical excitability.INTERPRETATION Cortical inhibition deficits may underlie motor dysfunction in autism, and perhaps even relate to specific clinical symptoms (e.g. repetitive behaviours). These findings provide novel evidence for a possible neurobiological dissociation between HFA and Asperger disorder based on GABAergic function.Both autism and Asperger disorder involve social, communicative, motor, and behavioural disturbances (including stereotyped and repetitive behaviours), but there is controversy surrounding their clinical distinction, 1 coupled with a relatively limited neurobiological understanding of the disorders. These conditions are primarily differentiated on the basis of language and communication delay, which must be present in autism but, by definition, is absent in Asperger disorder. 2 In addition, although intelligence in individuals with Asperger disorder is typically within the average range, the majority of individuals with autism have intellectual disability. However, clinical research has demonstrated that the psychosocial profile of typical intelligent individuals with autism (i.e. highfunctioning autism [HFA]) is convergent with that of individuals with Asperger disorder. 3 Such findings form the basis of the argument that autism and Asperger disorder are not clinically distinct disorders, but are clinical labels that can be used interchangeably. By contrast, others have argued that the initial significant language delays that characterize autism (but not Asperger disorder) place the two disorders on separate neurodevelopmental trajectories. 4 The hypothesis that autism and Asperger disorder are clinically separate disorders with distinct neurobiological underpinnings has been supported by neuropsychological and neurophysiological research that shows dissociations in visual perception, language, attention, executive function, and motor function. 5 The neural circuitry involved in motor control is reasonably well defined...

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Is clumsiness a marker for Asperger syndrome?

Cited by 153 publications

References 24 publications

The Effect of Movement Activities in Synchronization With Music on Motor Proficiency of Children With Autism

The Effect of Movement Activities in Synchronization With Music on Motor Proficiency of Children With Autism

Cognitive Orientation to (daily) Occupational Performance (CO‐OP) with children with Asperger's syndrome who have motor‐based occupational performance goals

A preliminary transcranial magnetic stimulation study of cortical inhibition and excitability in high‐functioning autism and Asperger disorder

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