Is Cardiopulmonary Fitness Level a Risk Factor in Young Saudi Females?

Makhaita

Rafique

et al. 2020

JBM

Introduction: Hemoglobinopathies are common disorders in Saudi Arabia and have an impact on the general health of the affected individuals. The current study aimed to find out the effects of the presence of α 3.7 kb rightward deletion or sickle-cell trait (SCT) on ventilatory and hemodynamic parameters of maximum exercise testing in young Saudi women. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 75 randomly selected female students from different colleges were tested for VO 2max using a COSMED system for maximum exercise testing. Blood parameters and globin genotyping were determined. Results: Hemoglobin genetic studies revealed 28 of the students had 3.7 α-globin deletion only (−3.7 α 2 /α 1 α 2), five had SCT, and 42 had normal α-globin (α 1 α 2 /α 1 α 2 and no HbS) and were considered the control group. Subjects with −3.7 α 2 /α 1 α 2 showed significantly lower VO 2max and higher resting systolic blood pressure, while SCT carriers showed no difference in regard to ventilatory parameters, but had higher post-exercise systolic blood pressure than controls. Conclusion: It is concluded that individuals with 3.7 α-globin deletion might have lower fitness capacity, as demonstrated by lower VO 2max , which might explain the general lower VO 2max in the young women of this population. Furthermore, increments in resting systolic and posteexercise systolic blood pressure in 3.7 α-globin deletion and SCT, respectively, might indicate a future risk of cardiovascular diseases and require attention and extensive studies.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of –3.7α Deletion and Sickle-Cell Trait on Ventilatory and Hemodynamic Responses to Maximum Exercise in Young Saudi Females

Makhaita

Rafique

et al. 2020

JBM

“…The sample size was calculated using G*power 3.1 statistical power analysis software version 19 based on the calculation of the effect size to give a power of 95%. The effect size 0.39 was calculated using the mean VO 2max value of the null hypothesis (H0: 33.7), the standard deviation (SD: 10.97) (mean VO 2max and SD values were taken from the local study) 20. Meanwhile, the mean VO 2max value of the alternative hypothesis was (H1: 40).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of maximal oxygen consumption prediction equations in young Saudi females

Almakhaita

Rafique

et al. 2019

SMJ

Self Cite

Objectives: To determine the applicability of Jones, Hansen, and Wasserman predictive equations for maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) in Saudi females. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between March and May 2017. Maximal oxygen consumption was measured directly through the COSMED system for cardiopulmonary exercise testing in 102 girls with normal body mass index (19-25 years old). Maximal oxygen consumption was indirectly predicted by Jones, Hansen, and Wasserman equations. Paired t-test, Pearson correlation, and Bland-Altman plot were used for comparison, correlation, and agreement analysis. Results: The difference between the mean and standard deviation (±SD) VO 2max values of the direct measurement (27.39±4.06 ml/kg −1 /min −1 ), and the Jones (35.19±2.12 ml/kg −1 /min −1 ), Hansen (33.64±0.24 ml/kg −1 /min −1 ), and Wasserman (35.20±0.17 ml/kg −1 /min −1 ) equations, was statistically significant ( p <0.001). Bland-Altman plot analysis suggested a lack of agreement between direct and predicted VO 2max . Pearson correlation failed to reveal any correlation between direct VO 2max and VO 2max calculated with any of the 3 equations. Conclusion: Jones, Hansen, and Wasserman equations for prediction of VO 2max cannot be justified in the studied population. For the better prediction of VO 2max , either these equations should be modified, or a new equation should be developed for the Saudi population.

“…Eighty-seven Saudi female college students were voluntarily recruited from a female-only campus. The sample size was calculated using G-power software depending on the mean value of the VO 2max of Saudi females obtained from a previous study (VO 2max = 33.6 mL/kg min), 19 effect size = 0.25 and power = 0.85. Volunteers were accepted irrespective of their body mass index (BMI) or degree of physical activity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of adiposity, physical fitness, vitamin D levels and haemodynamic parameters in young Saudi females

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences

Al-Hariri

2018

Self Cite

Objectives In this study, we assessed the possible association of adiposity, physical fitness, vitamin D levels and haemodynamic parameters as intermediate risk factors for cardiovascular health in young Saudi women. Methods A total of 87 young healthy Saudi women were recruited in this cross-sectional study during 2014–2015. The body weight, height, waist and hip circumference, and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D) levels were measured. The exercise stress test was performed to determine the pulse rate, blood pressure (BP), ECG, and VO 2max . Multiple linear regression models were generated for the resting (r) and maximum (m) diastolic (D) and systolic (s) arterial BP and pulse rate (PR), adiposity markers, VO 2max , and plasma levels of 25(OH) D. Results A multiple linear regression model was significant for the rDBP, mDBP, rSBP, and mSBP with adjusted R 2 (6.5, 10.2, 8.3, and 4.5%, respectively). Except for VO 2max in the mDBP model, none of the included risk factors were significant according to the t-test. Conclusion This study showed the association of high adiposity and decreased physical fitness with haemodynamic parameters in young Saudi women. An exaggerated exercise DBP might predict future cardiovascular risk in unfit young women.