Is callose a barrier for lead ions entering Lemna minor L. root cells?

Samardakiewicz, Sławomir; Krzesłowska, Magdalena; Bilski, Henryk; Bartosiewicz, Rafał; Woźny, Adam

doi:10.1007/s00709-011-0285-2

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is thought that the permeability of plasmodesmata is actively regulated by the ATP-dependent sphincter, located in the neck regions of the plasmodesmata and/or by rapid reversible depositions of callose in the cell wall around the plasmodesmata (Radford and White 1998). It has been found that Pb induces the accumulation of callose within the plasmodesmata in Lemna minor roots (Samardakiewicz et al 2012). The presence of callose deposits observed in the cell walls of Pb-treated L. luteus roots may lead to the assumption that intercellular water transport through the plasmodesmata is limited, which in turn would favor water accumulation in the vacuoles (Rucińska-Sobkowiak et al 2013).…”

Section: Effects Of Heavy Metals On Water Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of metal deposits, e.g., Pb in L. luteus (Gzyl et al 1997) or Zn in P. vulgaris (Kasim 2007), occluding intercellular spaces and impregnating middle lamellae, may hamper apoplastic water flow. It was reported that Pb is involved in the formation of cell wall thickening (Krzesłowska 2011;Krzesłowska et al 2009), as well as in increases in lignin content in Glycine max (Pawlak-Sprada et al 2011) and Pisum sativum roots (Pb and As) (Päivöke 1983), callose in L. minor roots (Samardakiewicz et al 1996(Samardakiewicz et al , 2012 and in pectins, callose, cellulose, and sometimes the sudanophilic lipid compound in the protonemata of Funaria hygrometrica (Krzesłowska et al 2009;Krzesłowska and Woźny 2000). The formation of characteristic callose deposits was also observed as a general response of plants to many other metals: Ni, Co, Cr, Mn, Pb, Sr, As, Cd and Al (Piršelová and Matušíková 2013 and references therein).…”

Section: Effects Of Heavy Metals On Water Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

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Water relations in plants subjected to heavy metal stresses

2016

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Concentrations of heavy metals in soil seldom reach a level sufficient to cause osmotic disturbances in plants. It is likely that water entry to the roots is indirectly governed by other factors which are themselves affected by metals. Decreased elongation of the primary root, impaired secondary growth, increased root dieback, or reduced root hair caused by toxic ions all exert a deleterious effect on the root-absorbing area and water uptake. Moreover, metals are able to decelerate short-distance water transfer both in symplast and apoplast, which in turn reduce the movement of water into the vascular system and affect water supply to the shoot. Long-distance transport is limited also due to decreased hydraulic conductivity in the root, stem and leaf midrib caused by a reduction in the size of vessels and tracheids, and partial blockage of xylem elements by cellular debris or gums. Heavy metals influence water delivery to the shoot due to inhibition of transpiration as they decrease the size of the leaves and the thickness of the lamina, reduce intercellular spaces, affect the density of stomata and decrease their aperture. Stomata closure is induced by direct interaction of toxic metals with guard cells and/or as a consequence of the early effects of metal toxicity on roots and stems. In metal-stressed plants, rootderived ABA or ABA-induced signals might play a role in stomatal movement. Disturbances in water relations trigger differential regulation of aquaporin gene expression, which may contribute to further reductions in water loss.

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Section: Effects Of Heavy Metals On Water Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Heavy Metals On Water Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Water relations in plants subjected to heavy metal stresses

2016

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“…Pb localization at the ultrastructural level was estimated using TEM because the conventional electron microscopy is often used as an adequate technique for analysing the distribution of electron-dense lead deposits in plant cells (Gzyl et al 1997; Krzesłowska and Woźny 1996; Samardakiewicz et al 2012; Wierzbicka 1995, 1998; Wierzbicka et al 2007). It was shown that less than 4 % of lead was lost during chemical preparation of tissues and the redistribution of lead was so insignificant that it did not affect the image seen in TEM (Antosiewicz and Wierzbicka 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of pre-incubation of Allium cepa L. roots in the ATH-rich extract on Pb uptake and localization

Glińska

Gapińska

2012

Protoplasma

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The positive influence of anthocyanin (ATH) on toxic metal-treated plant material is well documented; however, it is still not explained if it is caused by changes in element absorption and distribution. Therefore, detailed analysis of the effect of the ATH-rich extract from red cabbage leaves on Pb uptake and localization at morphological, anatomical and ultrastructural level was the goal of this study. Two-day-old adventitious roots of Allium cepa L. (cv. Polanowska) were treated for 2 h with the aqueous solution of Pb(NO3)2 at the concentration of 100 μM with or without preliminary incubation in the anthocyanin-rich extract from Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata rubra leaves (250 μM, 3 h). The red cabbage extract did not change the total Pb uptake but it enhanced the translocation of accumulated metal from roots to shoots. Within the pretreated roots, more Pb was deposited in their basal part and definitely smaller amount of the metal was bound in the apoplast of the outer layers of cortex cells. The ultrastructural analysis (transmission electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis) revealed that the ATH-rich extract lowered the number of Pb deposits in intracellular spaces, cell wall and cytoplasm of root meristematic cells as well as in such organelles important to cell metabolism as mitochondria, plastids and nucleus. The Pb deposits were preferably localised in those vacuoles where ATH also occurred. This sequestration of Pb in vacuoles is probably responsible for reduction of metal cytotoxicity and consequently could lead to better plant growth.

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“…However, droughts, conditioning xylem embolism vessels, reduce water apoplast transport and increased consumption of energy and metabolites for transport them through symplast active or trans cellular route. In these conditions water transport is carried from cell to cell and transfer the apoplast is small [20]. Most of the water flow passes through the trans cellular pathway including transport through plasmodesma and trans membrane transport.…”

Section: General Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants, Functions and Processes Adapt to Different Environments

Butnariu¹

2015

J Bioequiv Availab

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Executive SummaryBio processes that provide interactive relationships between plant organs are associated with self-regulation functions and maintaining a dynamic balance. The adaptation process is achieved indissoluble unity of the plant with the environment. Water connects all parts of the plant beginning with molecules and ending with tissues and organs, in one whole; appears to be the only substance in the plant, which suitably may perform the functions of regulating the growth, metabolic activity and controlling integration structure and functions at all levels of the organization. The main cause of impaired functional integrity during drought conditions is disruption of the internal liquid medium, donor-acceptor relations and change water gradients between organs, inhibition of metabolic reactions and biosynthesis. In drought conditions water has central role in coordinating and maintaining the integrity functions. General RemarksDrought, water shortage in soil and /or atmospheric temperature and high irradiation is most alarming factor limiting crop productivity and stability throughout world. Plants are affected when drought overlaps fund environmental pollution by harmful substances, salinity or cold weather. Study of functioning of adjustment of metabolic processes, plant growth and development under adverse conditions is a cardinal point in knowledge of plants to drought tolerance mechanisms that could serve as a basis for developing routing processes directed to functional status and optimization of production process. Problem assessment and adaptation mechanisms that provide plant resistance to adverse conditions and is considered a perpetual maximum value for both contemporary biological science and future of humanity.Researches reveal peculiarities explaining adaptation and drought resistance in plants of spontaneous basis. Characteristics relate to the development and shape of the plant, the number and depth of penetration of root system, xylem and phloem properties [1]; use and storage of assimilate reserves. There are great progress in understanding of perception and signalling mechanisms of water scarcity and genes involved in plant response to drought. Investigations carried out are focused on study of mechanisms of resistance, which is achieved at molecular and cellular levels, while elucidating principles of regulating at the level of plant resistance remains less addressed. It highlights several strategies to adapt to adverse conditions: one occurs at the cellular level and includes accommodation macromolecules and micro environment in which they operate, other-level plant, and reflects integrity of the inferior hierarchical components. As reported above, most of investigations are focused on highlighting deployment of first mechanisms of adaptation strategies and tolerance, while second remains the least addressed [2]. But an environmental change plant perceives the plant upright and resistant to stressogenic factors were studied is due to the retention of functional integrity of all orga...

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Is callose a barrier for lead ions entering Lemna minor L. root cells?

Cited by 43 publications

References 34 publications

Water relations in plants subjected to heavy metal stresses

Water relations in plants subjected to heavy metal stresses

The effect of pre-incubation of Allium cepa L. roots in the ATH-rich extract on Pb uptake and localization

Plants, Functions and Processes Adapt to Different Environments

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