Is bilingualism losing its advantage? A bibliometric approach

Sanchez-Azanza, Victor A.; López-Penadés, Raúl; Buil‐Legaz, Lucía; Aguilar‐Mediavilla, Eva; Adrover‐Roig, Daniel

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176151

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, de Bruin, Treccani, and Della Sala (2015) report a publication bias in favour of positive results, and suggest that the bilingual advantage view may partially stem from a lack of published evidence to the contrary. Over the past few years, however, the publication trend has been changing to include a variety of outcomes, including studies that challenge bilingual benefits or are ambiguous regarding them (Sanchez-Azanza, Lópes-Penadés, Buil-Legaz, Aguilar-Mediavilla & Adrover-Roig, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive control among immersed bilinguals: Considering differences in linguistic and non-linguistic processing

Sabourin

Vīnerte

2018

Bilingualism

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While several studies have shown a bilingual advantage in cognitive control, others have refuted such findings, leading to debates regarding the existence of bilingual benefits. The current study conducts two experiments to investigate this issue, focusing on the effect of the age of second language immersion in young adult non-immigrant bilinguals. We use a colour-word Stroop task to assess linguistic cognitive control, and an Attention Network Test to examine non-linguistic cognitive control. Results show significant differences between Simultaneous and Early Sequential bilinguals (typically grouped together as ‘early’) in the Stroop task, but these only become apparent when both languages are mixed. Simultaneous bilinguals also show improved Executive Control efficiency, particularly in the presence of alerting and orienting cues, suggesting enhanced attentional skills for this group. We discuss these findings with respect to participant grouping and task effects, noting the importance of the language environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive control among immersed bilinguals: Considering differences in linguistic and non-linguistic processing

Sabourin

Vīnerte

2018

Bilingualism

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“…Another explanation might be that open science [97] and publishing null-results [98] have become more popular in recent years, making publishing such data easier. Perhaps the bilingual advantage in cognitive control has been overestimated in the literature in the past [99], but at the same time, this does not mean that the 'bilingual advantage in cognitive control' hypothesis is entirely wrong or that a bilingual advantage in cognitive control does not exist [99]. Note that also in the period between 2013 and October 2018, 13 studies found support in favor of its existence versus 10 studies reporting mixed results and 7 studies showing evidence against its existence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Bilingual Advantage in Cognitive Control Exist and if so, what are Its Modulating Factors? A Systematic Review

Noort¹,

Struys²,

Bosch³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Recently, doubts were raised about the existence of the bilingual advantage in cognitive control. The aim of the present review was to investigate the bilingual advantage and its modulating factors. We searched the Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and ERIC databases for all original data and reviewed studies on bilingualism and cognitive control, with a cut-off date of October 31, 2018, thereby following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol. The results of the 46 original studies show that, indeed, the majority, 54.3%, reported beneficial effects of bilingualism on cognitive control tasks; however, 28.3% found mixed results, and 17.4% found evidence against its existence. Methodological differences seem to explain these mixed results: particularly, the varying selection of the bilingual participants, the use of non-standardized tests, and the fact that individual differences were often neglected, and that longitudinal designs were rare. Therefore, a serious risk for bias exists in both directions (i.e., in favor of and against the bilingual advantage). To conclude, we found some evidence for a bilingual advantage in cognitive control; however, if significant progress is to be made, better study designs, bigger data, and more longitudinal studies are needed.

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“…After Paap and Greenberg's study, the number of papers challenging the bilingual advantage increased notably. Quite a few scholars have doubted the significance and validity of the current bilingual advantage research and have claimed that bilingual advantages may not exist or are restricted to specific circumstances (Anton et al, 2014;Gathercole et al, 2014;Paap et al, 2015;Sanchez-Azanza et al, 2017;Donnelly et al, 2019). Some meta-analyses reviewed previous studies on bilingual advantage but reported mixed results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilingualism, Demographics, and Cognitive Control: A Within-Group Approach

Xie

Zhou

2020

Front. Psychol.

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Previous studies have suggested a bilingual advantage in cognitive control as a result of the bilinguals' language experience. However, the results are controversial as there are various factors (language proficiency, SES, culture, and intelligence, etc.) affecting cognitive control. In the current study, after between-group comparisons, we adopted a within-group approach by multiple regressions to investigate whether the performance by 10-to-75-year-old participants (N = 91) of tasks measuring inhibition, monitoring, and mental set shifting could be predicted by bilingualism, or demographic factors, or both. The results of multiple stepwise regression analyses showed that L2 proficiency was a significant predictor for conflict monitoring and inhibition, education and age were significant predictors for mental set shifting, and SES was a minor predictor for inhibition. These findings provide evidence that cognitive control is affected by both bilingualism and demographic factors. Future studies are encouraged to further identify the relationship between bilingualism and cognitive control from specific bilingual experience.

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Is bilingualism losing its advantage? A bibliometric approach

Cited by 38 publications

References 50 publications

Cognitive control among immersed bilinguals: Considering differences in linguistic and non-linguistic processing

Cognitive control among immersed bilinguals: Considering differences in linguistic and non-linguistic processing

Does the Bilingual Advantage in Cognitive Control Exist and if so, what are Its Modulating Factors? A Systematic Review

Bilingualism, Demographics, and Cognitive Control: A Within-Group Approach

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