Is baldness a risk factor for coronary artery disease? A review of the literature

Herrera, Carlos R.; Lynch, Cornelius G.

doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90026-l

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Two possibilities can be suggested: first that a high serum cholesterol leads to a loss of skin elasticity, but there is no evidence to support this; second that cholesterol is positively related to one of the variables that do make people look older. Cholesterol, arcus senilis, baldness,13 and smoking are all related to coronary artery disease, and possibly to each other. Similar arguments may be employed for haemoglobin and, for women, ESR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do some people look older than they should?

Bulpitt

Markowe

Shipley

2001

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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Background-As a component of studies on biological age, the age of subjects from their appearance (perceived age) was estimated. Objective-To determine the factors associated with looking older. Methods-Cross sectional study of London civil servants (318 men, 129 women) in the Department of the Environment study. Perceived age was recorded by an observer and the diVerence between this age and chronological age was analysed according to 20 diVerent variables. Results-Men had an average perceived age of 0.37 years older than their actual age and women a perceived age of 0.54 years younger. In men, looking older was related to greying of the hair, grade of arcus senilis, and grade of baldness. Less expected, looking older was positively related to total serum cholesterol (p=0.03) and blood haemoglobin (p<0.01). In women, looking older was related to greying of the hair, positively to blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and negatively to serum bilirubin (p=0.01). Looking older was not related to alcohol consumption, employment grade, serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, albumin, and calcium in either sex. Conclusion-The relationships between looking older and total cholesterol and haemoglobin in men and ESR and bilirubin in women, require further investigation. (Postgrad Med J 2001;77:578-581) Keywords: ageing; cholesterol; haemoglobin; erythrocyte sedimentation rate It is well recognised that people look older in the face when they have more than the expected number and extent of wrinkles and a corresponding lack of skin elasticity.1 Elastic fibres in the skin degenerate and thicken when the skin is exposed to sunlight.2 3 Warren et al reported that estimated age was increased by solar exposure in middle aged but not young women. The increase in an age group 45-51 years was four years. In addition it has long been recognised that smokers look older, 4-9 although the relative contribution of say, wrinkles and less subcutaneous fat has to be determined.Intuitively looking older should also be associated with markers of ageing such as having more grey hair or becoming bald. Moreover other variables should be associated with higher estimated ages when they are either causally related to loss of skin elasticity or simply associated with greying of hair, baldness, exposure to sun, etc. This article reports the association of many of these variables and biochemical measures to looking older in subjects in the Department of Environment study. 10This study of London civil servants was directed at determining diVerences in social class (employment grade) and included measures of ageing. MethodsThe selection of subjects has been described. The subjects were a sample, stratified by age, gender, and employment grade and randomly selected using diVerent sampling fractions to provide equal numbers in each age and grade group.11 Of the 397 men in the study 318 had an estimated (perceived) age recorded when first seen by the research staV and of the 130 women, 129 had this investigation. Chronolog...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do some people look older than they should?

Bulpitt

Markowe

Shipley

2001

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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“…Although the exact reason for the association between AGA and CVD is unclear, several mechanisms have been proposed through different studies. Elevated androgen levels and increased peripheral sensitivity to androgens could be one of the explanations for an association between AGA and CVD . Excess androgens have long been suspected of being related to various aspects of CVD through mechanisms such as coronary atherogenesis and vasoconstriction .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between androgenetic alopecia and cardiovascular risk factors according to BASP classification in Koreans

Sang-Yeon

Lee

2016

The Journal of Dermatology

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There have been many studies on the relationship between androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and cardiovascular risk factors, but the study results were inconsistent and research on AGA in Asians remains insufficient. This study investigated the relationship between Korean AGA and various cardiovascular risk factors, considering life habits, type of hair loss and sex. We investigated subjects who visited a hospital for public or industrial health medical examinations between October 2012 and December 2014. A questionnaire as well as anthropometric measurements and a blood test were performed. Among the 1884 total subjects, 52.6% had AGA. AGA patients displayed a significantly higher prevalence rate of cardiovascular diseases, smoking rate, fasting glucose and triglyceride, and a significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level than did the non-AGA group. The results of the subgroup analysis showed higher prevalence rates of hypertension, stroke, metabolic syndrome and smoking in male AGA patients. The more severe the AGA, the higher the incidences of hypertension, diabetes and smoking were observed. According to the analysis results by BASP classification, the F-type AGA patients displayed a higher body mass index, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure, and had a significantly higher prevalence rate of hypertension. As a result of the large population-based study, modifications in lifestyle and early screening for cardiovascular disease, as well as hypertension and diabetes, are suggested.

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“…Herrera and Lynch with surveying the data of a prospective 22 years study, showed that androgenetic alopecia is not associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease [24]. Also Herrera in a prospective 34 years study on 2017 males showed that after adjusting age and cardiovascular risk factors, there is not significant relationship between androgenetic alopecia and cardiovascular outcomes [25]. Ellis et al showed that male pattern baldness in not a cardiovascular risk factor in general population [18,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%