Is autism spectrum disorder common in schizophrenia?

Hallerbäck, Maria Unenge; Lugnegård, Tove; Gillberg, Christopher

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.01.016

Cited by 88 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Twenty-four papers were deemed to potentially meet the review inclusion criteria. Of these, 18 papers were excluded, either as these constituted reviews (Carpenter, 2007;Schneier, Blanco, Antia & Liebowitz, 2002), or as there were no paranoia data about individuals with ASD (Skokauskas & Gallagher, 2012), or because the studies did not report outcome measures pertaining to paranoia in individuals with ASD (Bara, Ciaramidaro, Walter & Adenzato, 2011;Collacott, Cooper & McGrother, 1992;Couture, Penn, Losh, Adolphs, Hurley & Piven, 2009;Gutkovich, Carlson & Carlson, 2007;Hallerbäck, Lugnegård & Gillberg, 2012;Konstantareas & Hewitt, 2001;Murphy, 2006;Pary, 1993;Pilowsky, Yirmiya, Arbelle & Mozes, 2000;Prado de Oliveira, 1999;Shastri, Alla & Sabaratnam, 2006;Siegel et al, 2014;Travé Rodriguez, Barreiro Marin, Galvez Borrero, del Olmo Romero-Nieva & Diaz Alvarez, 1994;Yan et al, 2000), or as paranoia outcome data about individuals with ASD were subsumed and subsequently analysed in a more recent paper (Pinkham, Hopfinger, Pelphrey, Piven & Penn, 2008). One further study was identified which was published during manuscript preparation, and sub-group data were obtained MT personal communication, July 2015).…”

Section: Search Results and Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualising paranoia in ASD: A systematic review and development of a theoretical framework

Spain

Sin

Freeman

2016

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Paranoia, unfounded ideation that others deliberately intend harm, has predominately been studied in schizophrenia. Increasingly, it is recognised that there is a spectrum of severity of excessive mistrust across the general population. Relatively little is known about paranoia in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but rates could be expected to be higher given both difficulties in understanding others' mental states and frequent experiences of negative social interactions. A systematic search of English-language peer-reviewed publications was undertaken to synthesise empirical research about paranoia in ASD. Seven studies, comprising a total of 180 ASD participants, met the inclusion criteria. All the studies were cross-sectional, thereby limiting causal interpretations. Individuals with ASD were consistently found to have higher levels of paranoia compared to non-clinical controls, and lower levels than individuals with current psychotic experiences manifesting in the context of schizophrenia. Furthermore, the initial evidence indicates that paranoia in ASD may be linked with theory of mind performance, negative affect, and jumping to conclusions, but not to attributional style. As in typically-developing populations, causal and maintaining mechanisms for paranoia in ASD, against a background of genetic and environmental risk, most likely include cognitive and affective processes interacting with social factors. We hypothesise, however, that core ASD characteristics and associated neurocognitive impairments also serve to precipitate and perpetuate paranoia. A framework to guide further investigation is outlined. Conceptualising paranoia in ASD 1 AbstractParanoia, unfounded fears ideation that others deliberately intend harm, has predominately been studied in schizophrenia. Increasingly, it is recognised that there is a spectrum of severity of excessive mistrust across the general population. Relatively little is known about paranoia in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but rates could be expected to be higher given both difficulties in understanding others' mental states and frequent experiences of negative social interactions. A systematic search of English-language peer-reviewed publications was undertaken to synthesise empirical research about paranoia in ASD. Seven studies, comprising a total of 180 ASD participants, met the inclusion criteria.All the studies were cross-sectional, thereby limiting causal interpretations. Individuals with ASD were consistently found to have higher levels of paranoia compared to non-clinical controls, and lower levels than individuals with current psychotic experiences manifesting in the context of schizophrenia. Furthermore, the initial evidence indicates that paranoia in ASD may be linked with theory of mind performance, negative affect, and jumping to conclusions, but not to attributional style. As in typically-developing populations, causal and maintaining mechanisms for paranoia in ASD, against a background of genetic and environ...

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Section: Search Results and Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualising paranoia in ASD: A systematic review and development of a theoretical framework

Spain

Sin

Freeman

2016

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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“…This is particularly true between child onset schizophrenia and autism (Meyer et al, 2011; Rapoport et al, 2009). For example, in a recent study, out of 46 schizophrenia patients with normal intelligence, about 50% met the diagnostic criteria of ASD (Unenge Hallerbäck et al, 2012). Recent human genetic studies have provided strong biological support for these clinical findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mice with Shank3 Mutations Associated with ASD and Schizophrenia Display Both Shared and Distinct Defects

Zhou

Kaiser

Monteiro

et al. 2016

Neuron

262

282

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SUMMARY Genetic studies have revealed significant overlaps of risk genes among psychiatric disorders. However, it is not clear how different mutations of the same gene contribute to different disorders. We characterized two lines of mutant mice with Shank3 mutations linked to ASD and schizophrenia. We found both shared and distinct synaptic and behavioral phenotypes. Mice with the ASD-linked InsG3680 mutation manifest striatal synaptic transmission defects before weaning age and impaired juvenile social interaction, coinciding with the early onset of ASD symptoms. On the other hand, adult mice carrying the schizophrenia-linked R1117X mutation show profound synaptic defects in prefrontal cortex and social dominance behavior. Furthermore, we found differential Shank3 mRNA stability and SHANK1/2 upregulation in these two lines. These data demonstrate that different alleles of the same gene may have distinct phenotypes at molecular, synaptic, and circuit levels in mice, which may inform exploration of these relationships in human patients.

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“…Cross-sectional studies suggest large proportions of individuals with childhood or adult onset schizophrenia meet criteria for ASD (Rapoport et al 2009; Unenge Hallerback et al 2012). However, longitudinal studies of the risk of adult schizophrenia among individuals with childhood autism or other neurodevelopmental disorders are scarce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A population-based longitudinal study of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, IQ and subsequent risk of psychotic experiences in adolescence

et al. 2014

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Background Schizophrenia has a neurodevelopmental component to its origin, and may share overlapping pathogenic mechanisms with childhood neurodevelopmental disorders (ND). Yet longitudinal studies of psychotic outcomes among individuals with ND are limited. We report a population-based prospective study of six common childhood ND, subsequent neurocognitive performance and the risk of psychotic experiences (PEs) in early adolescence. Methods PEs were assessed by semi-structured interviews at age 13 years. IQ and working memory were measured between ages 9 and 11 years. The presence of six neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum, dyslexia, dyspraxia, dysgraphia, dysorthographia, dyscalculia) was determined from parent-completed questionnaire at age 9 years. Linear regression calculated mean difference in cognitive scores between those with and without ND. The association between ND and PEs was expressed as odds ratio (OR); effects of cognitive deficits were examined. Potential confounders included age, gender, father’s social class, ethnicity and maternal education. Results Out of 8,220 children, 487 (5.9%) were reported to have ND at age 9 years. Children with, compared with those without ND performed worse on all cognitive measures; adjusted mean difference in total IQ 6.84 (95% CI 5.00- 8.69). The association between total IQ and ND was linear (p<0.0001). The risk of PEs was higher in those with, compared with those without ND; adjusted OR for definite PEs 1.76 (95% CI 1.11- 2.79). IQ (but not working memory) deficit partly explained this association. Conclusion Higher risk of PEs in early adolescence among individuals with childhood ND is consistent with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia.

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Is autism spectrum disorder common in schizophrenia?

Cited by 88 publications

References 46 publications

Conceptualising paranoia in ASD: A systematic review and development of a theoretical framework

Conceptualising paranoia in ASD: A systematic review and development of a theoretical framework

Mice with Shank3 Mutations Associated with ASD and Schizophrenia Display Both Shared and Distinct Defects

A population-based longitudinal study of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, IQ and subsequent risk of psychotic experiences in adolescence

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