Is Aquatic Therapy Optimally Prescribed for Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Carroll, Louise M; Morris, Meg E.; O’Connor, William T.; Clifford, Amanda

doi:10.3233/jpd-191784

Cited by 27 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Physical therapy with exercises aims to preserve mobility and keep the muscles active to maintain the person's independence and quality of life [6]. Another effect of physical exercise in PD is the increase in the brain neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitters and the decrease in neuronal degeneration in the initial stages of the disease [8]. Multicomponent physical exercise is a modality that, rather than isolated training, targets various aspects of physical function, such as cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle resistance, and balance [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicomponent Aquatic Training (MAT) Program for People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Protocol for a Controlled Study

Siega

Iucksch

Israel

2022

IJERPH

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Introduction: The complications from Parkinson’s disease (PD) are directly related to decreased muscle function, balance deficits, and independence loss. Practicing aquatic exercises can minimize these symptoms and slow disease progress. Objective: To develop a Multicomponent Aquatic Training (MAT) protocol for people with PD between stages 1 and 4 of the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Methods: The protocol is for a single blind controlled clinical trial. The sample will comprise of people with PD between stages 1 and 4 in Hoehn and Yahr scale, divided into a control group and MAT group (who will participate in the MAT). Musculoskeletal function, functional mobility, and balance will be the primary outcomes of interest, assessed with an isokinetic dynamometer, the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand test (FTSST), the Timed “Up and Go” test (TUG), the 6-m gait speed test, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and a force platform. Quality of life (QOL), activities of daily living (ADL), and motor aspects will be the secondary outcome measures, assessed with the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), sections II and III. The MAT will be 12 weeks long, with two 50-min sessions per week. The outcome measures will be assessed before and after the interventions. Discussion: This study is expected to establish parameters to prescribe and monitor a MAT program for people with PD in stages 1 to 4 in the Hoehn and Yahr scale, respecting individual progress and assisting the professionals in their procedure with these people.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicomponent Aquatic Training (MAT) Program for People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Protocol for a Controlled Study

Siega

Iucksch

Israel

2022

IJERPH

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“…39 A 2020 meta-analysis by Carroll and coworkers concluded that overall although outcomes for gait, balance, and mobility were positive for aquatic therapy, they did not appear significantly better than land-based approaches, although studies that delivered at least 3-5 sessions/week did show superior outcomes for aquatic versus land-based programs. 40 Both forms of exercise are often used in a combined approach. Aquatic exercise studies have consistently shown high patient satisfaction and adherence, and several studies have also shown gains in quality of life scores and Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Visual Analog Scale pain scores.…”

Section: Aquatic Therapy Use In Parkinsonismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a 2019 metanalysis of 19 studies assessing land‐based exercise with aquatic exercise, Pinto and coworkers concluded that with high confidence aquatic exercise produced better benefits than land‐based exercise on balance and functional mobility, especially for those Parkinson patients with a high risk of falling, while showing that land and aquatic exercise had similar effects on motor impairments, disease severity, and functional mobility 39 . A 2020 meta‐analysis by Carroll and coworkers concluded that overall although outcomes for gait, balance, and mobility were positive for aquatic therapy, they did not appear significantly better than land‐based approaches, although studies that delivered at least 3‐5 sessions/week did show superior outcomes for aquatic versus land‐based programs 40 . Both forms of exercise are often used in a combined approach.…”

Section: Aquatic Therapy Use In Parkinsonismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic Therapy in Contemporary Neurorehabilitation: An Update

Becker

2020

PM&R

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Aquatic therapy has been used extensively in a number of neurologic diseases and pathologies. This review describes disease-specific rehabilitative applications for this population. Recent research has offered scientific support for use in common neurological diseases that are part of rehabilitative practice, and very recent findings may create even firmer support for its use in these as well as other conditions. Stroke, Parkinsonism, and multiple sclerosis are areas that have recently received a significant number of published studies. Dementia is another area that has been more recently studied and received basic science support. Cerebral palsy has also had recent supportive evidence published. Available literature is reviewed to create a more evidence-based support for the use of aquatic therapy in neurorehabilitation.

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“…Aquatic exercise (usually swimming and/or aqua aerobics) is being considered as a potential co-adjuvant form of rehabilitation, especially for people with coronary artery disease presenting with musculoskeletal comorbidities (Cugusi et al, 2019) and peripheral arterial disease (Park et al, 2019). In older populations aquatic exercise appears to offer positive outcomes particularly in regard to gait, balance and mobility (Carroll et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Cardiovascular Function, Measured as FMD and CVC, and Long-Term Aquatic Exercise in Older Adults (ACELA Study): A Cross-Sectional Study

2020

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Introduction Cardiovascular aging is implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aquatic exercise is being considered as a co-adjuvant form of rehabilitation, but there is limited evidence for its cardiovascular risk-reduction properties for older people. Our study aimed to address this by exploring the cardiovascular effects of long-term aquatic exercise in older adults in comparison to those who are either inactive or engaged in land-based/mixed training by measurement of micro- and macro-circulation. Flow Mediated Dilatation (FMD) was the primary outcome. Methods This was a pragmatic, 4-group, cross-sectional study. Eighty normotensive adults constituted four ( n = 20) groups. The Aqua group (aged 63.7 ± 7 years) and Land group (aged 65 ± 6 years) consisted of participants engaged in aquatic and land-based training, respectively. The mixed group (Mix) (aged 66 ± 6 years) consisted of participants engaged in both land-based and aquatic training. Self-reported training consisted of ≥2/week for ≥6 months (mean sessions/week = 4 ± 1, 4 ± 1, and 5 ± 2 for each group, respectively). The sedentary group (Sed) (aged 63 ± 6 years) consisted of people who were sedentary for ≥6 months (mean sessions/week 0 ± 0). The primary outcome was %FMD. Secondary outcomes included raw cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and CVC max. Results Statistically significant differences (%FMD, raw CVC variables other than baseline) were found between each of the exercise groups (Aqua, Land, Mix) and the sedentary group (Sed) (i.e., 11.2 (4.2) vs. 5.0 (2.3); p < 0.0005, between the Aqua group and Sed group, for %FMD). No specific advantage could be attributed to any one of the exercise groups. Conclusion We reported improvements in NO-mediated endothelial function at micro- and macro-circulatory levels, observing no differences between exercise modes. Our findings provide evidence for the role of aquatic exercise as a “shield” against CVD in older populations.

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Is Aquatic Therapy Optimally Prescribed for Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 27 publications

References 87 publications

Multicomponent Aquatic Training (MAT) Program for People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Protocol for a Controlled Study

Multicomponent Aquatic Training (MAT) Program for People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Protocol for a Controlled Study

Aquatic Therapy in Contemporary Neurorehabilitation: An Update

The Association Between Cardiovascular Function, Measured as FMD and CVC, and Long-Term Aquatic Exercise in Older Adults (ACELA Study): A Cross-Sectional Study

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