Is age-related macular degeneration a problem in Ibadan, Sub-Saharan Africa?

Oluleye, Tunji S

doi:10.2147/opth.s27470

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This comprises macular diseases (7.4%), Retinal detachment (2.0%), hypertensive/ diabetic/sickle cell retinopathies (1.8%), Retinitis pigmentosa (1.3%, CRVO (0.7%). The increasing rate of visual impairment from retinal disorders in Nigeria is becoming worrisome [11,[31][32][33][34]. Some of the reasons for this include increasing adult population leading to more cases of age related retinal diseases like macular degeneration and macular holes, increasing prevalence of diabetes and hypertension from lifestyle changes and improved diagnosis of retinal disorders from improved training and diagnostic facilities [31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment in Ekiti, Nigeria: A Hospital Based Study

Ajayi¹

2018

OAJO

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Introduction: Visual impairment is a global burden. The negative impact extends from the immediate family to the society at large. The causes vary with geographic, ethnic and cultural influences. Most data used for planning eye care services are generated either from urban areas where the large eye hospitals are situated or from small focal surveys. Effective use of existing resources is mandatory in targeting the avoidable causes of blindness in order to achieve the goals of Vision 2020. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, demographic profiles and causes of visual impairment in a tertiary eye care facility in a semi urban southwestern state of Nigeria Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out to determine the causes of visual impairment seen over a period of 1year (January-December 2016). Records of all new cases with visual acuity below 6/18 in one or both eyes were studied. Demographic characteristics, level and causes of visual impairment were extracted and entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0). Data were analysed and assessed for frequency, distribution and comparison of categorical data with statistical significance inferred at P<0.05. Results: Visual impairment constituted 445(33.97%) of the total number of new patients seen. The ages ranged from 2years to 105years with a mean age of 53.6years ±23.6years.More females were seen with a Male: Female ratio of 1:1.1. Blindness constituted 42.9% of cases of blind eyes at presentation. Bilateral blindness occurred in 100 patients (22.5%) of cases. There was an observed greater risk of visual impairment among patients with unilateral eye disorders (3.758(95% CI 3.075-4.594) chi square <0.001). The major causes of visual impairment were Cataract (29.7%), Glaucoma (!7.8%), Refractive error(11.2%), Retinal disorders(13.2%) and corneal disorders(10.8%). Conclusion: Consistently good optical and cataract surgical services will go a long way to reduce the burden of visual impairment in Ekiti. There is also a need for improved retinal service delivery as retinal disorders have been found to be on the increase as a cause of visual impairment. Low vision services should be made available for patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment in Ekiti, Nigeria: A Hospital Based Study

Ajayi¹

2018

OAJO

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“…However, this conclusion was reached after studying African Americans within the United States, and only a few studies have started to investigate the prevalence of AMD in Africa (e.g. Ziskind et al, 2008;Nwosu, 2011;Oluleye, 2012). Importantly, studies on AMD-related FH polymorphisms in sub-Saharan African revealed a marked difference in geographical distribution suggesting that pathogen infections might represent a driving force for these regional differences (Ermini et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ThePlasmodium falciparumblood stages acquire factor H family proteins to evade destruction by human complement

Rosa

Flammersfeld

Ngwa

et al. 2015

Cellular Microbiology

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SummaryThe acquisition of regulatory proteins is a means of blood‐borne pathogens to avoid destruction by the human complement. We recently showed that the gametes of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum bind factor H (FH) from the blood meal of the mosquito vector to assure successful sexual reproduction, which takes places in the mosquito midgut. While these findings provided a first glimpse of a complex mechanism used by Plasmodium to control the host immune attack, it is hitherto not known, how the pathogenic blood stages of the malaria parasite evade destruction by the human complement. We now show that the human complement system represents a severe threat for the replicating blood stages, particularly for the reinvading merozoites, with complement factor C3b accumulating on the surfaces of the intraerythrocytic schizonts as well as of free merozoites. C3b accumulation initiates terminal complement complex formation, in consequence resulting in blood stage lysis. To inactivate C3b, the parasites bind FH as well as related proteins FHL‐1 and CFHR‐1 to their surface, and FH binding is trypsin‐resistant. Schizonts acquire FH via two contact sites, which involve CCP modules 5 and 20. Blockage of FH‐mediated protection via anti‐FH antibodies results in significantly impaired blood stage replication, pointing to the plasmodial complement evasion machinery as a promising malaria vaccine target.

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“…The second common indication for bevacizumab injection was wet age related macular degeneration (AMD). Age related macular degeneration is a significant presentation in Ibadan, sub-Saharan Africa as shown by a recent study [ 27 ]. In the western world and Asia, it is the most common indication [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indications for Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Ibadan, Sub-Saharan Africa

T.S¹,

Babalola²

2014

TOOPHTJ

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Background : Angiogenesis is a contributing factor in some retinal diseases, hence the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a common pathway in proliferative retinopathies. Bevacizumab has been found to be effective in the treatment of these diseases.The aim of this study was to review all cases of intravitreal bevacizumab given in the retinal unit of the University College Hospital, Ibadan from July, 2010 to June 2012, pointing out the common indications.Methods : After obtaining ethical approval from the University College Hospital/University of Ibadan Review Board for the study, all cases of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab recorded in the retinal register during the study period (July 2010 to June 2012) were retrieved. Age, sex, diagnoses and indication for injection were recorded in the data sheet prepared for the study. Results were analyzed using proportions and percentages.Results : A total of one hundred and thirty four injections of bevacizumab were given in the study period. The most common indication was cystoid macular edema from retinal vein occlusion ([26(19.4%)] followed by wet age related maculopathy [23(17.1%)] and sickle cell retinopathy [(22(16.4)]. Emerging indications included idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy [8(6%) and retinal macroaneurism with macular edema [6(4.5%)].Conclusion : Cystoid macular edema from vascular occlusion and wet age related macular degeneration are the major indications for intravitreal bevacizumab injection in Ibadan.

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Is age-related macular degeneration a problem in Ibadan, Sub-Saharan Africa?

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment in Ekiti, Nigeria: A Hospital Based Study

Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment in Ekiti, Nigeria: A Hospital Based Study

ThePlasmodium falciparumblood stages acquire factor H family proteins to evade destruction by human complement

Indications for Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Ibadan, Sub-Saharan Africa

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