Is a defoliated silver birch seedling able to overcompensate the growth under changing climate?

Huttunen, Liisa; Niemelä, Pekka; Peltola, Heli; Heiska, Susanne; Rousi, Matti; Kellomäki, Seppo

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2006.10.010

Cited by 33 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Extensive springtime defoliation of deciduous trees, such as aspen (Populus tremuloides), reduces subsequent growth rates (Stevens et al, 2007), but climate change may alter plant tolerance and performance. For example, Huttunen et al (2007) reported that silver birch trees have a high capacity to tolerate defoliation and that under the combination of warmer temperatures and elevated CO 2 , defoliated trees grew better than undefoliated controls. Because elevated temperatures both increase net primary production and extend the growing season, warming may improve the ability of plants to compensate for defoliation.…”

Section: Direct and Herbivore-mediated Climate Change Effects On Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Climate Warming and Altered Precipitation Patterns for Plant-Insect and Multitrophic Interactions

et al. 2012

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(A.M.T.) Understanding and predicting the impacts of anthropogenically driven climate change on species interactions and ecosystem processes is a critical scientific and societal challenge. Climate change has important ecological consequences for species interactions that occur across multiple trophic levels. In this Update, we broadly examine recent literature focused on disentangling the direct and indirect effects of temperature and water availability on plants, phytophagous insects, and the natural enemies of these insects, with special attention given to forest ecosystems. We highlight the role of temperature in shaping plant and insect metabolism, growth, development, and phenology. Additionally, we address the complexity involved in determining climate-mediated effects on plant-insect and multitrophic level interactions as well as the roles of plant ecophysiological processes in driving both bottom-up and top-down controls. Climate warming may exacerbate plant susceptibility to attack by some insect groups, particularly under reduced water availability. Despite considerable growth in research investigating the effects of climate change on plants and insects, we lack a mechanistic understanding of how temperature and precipitation influence species interactions, particularly with respect to plant defense traits and insect outbreaks. Moreover, a systematic literature review reveals that research efforts to date are highly overrepresented by plant studies and suggests a need for greater attention to plant-insect and multitrophic level interactions. Understanding the role of climatic variability and change on such interactions will provide further insight into links between abiotic and biotic drivers of community-and ecosystem-level processes.Anthropogenic activities have led to rapid and unprecedented increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other greenhouse gases, which in turn have resulted in numerous observable climatic changes, such as elevated temperature, increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events (e.g. heat waves and droughts), and altered precipitation patterns (e.g. decreased snow cover) (National Research Council, 2010). Species are responding to these climate change factors, as demonstrated by shifts in phenology (the timing of key biological and life history events), biogeographic ranges, and ecological interactions (Bale et al., 2002;Parmesan and Yohe, 2003;Hegland et al., 2009;Robinson et al., 2012). In this Update, we review and discuss the consequences of climate change on plant-insect and multitrophic interactions. Specifically, we address the direct and indirect effects of climate warming and altered precipitation patterns on plants, phytophagous insects, and higher trophic level organisms. We focus on these two components of climate change, firstly, because temperature is the abiotic factor that most directly influences insects (Bale et al., 2002), and secondly, because water availability plays a prominent role in mediating plant-insect interactions (Mattso...

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Section: Direct and Herbivore-mediated Climate Change Effects On Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Climate Warming and Altered Precipitation Patterns for Plant-Insect and Multitrophic Interactions

et al. 2012

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“…Following Maschinski & Whitham (1989), Mutikainen et al (2000), Huttunen et al (2007) and Eyles et al (2009), we presumed that defoliated silver birch seedlings grow more intensively and had higher compensation potential when the soil was fertilized. However, our findings did not prove that mineral fertilization up to optimal soil fertility for birch species does compensate the lost foliage at harvest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mutikainen et al (2000) reviewed the carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis, which explains the variation of herbivore-induced resistance in terms of different soil fertility and light regimes. Defoliation can affect the carbonnutrient balance of plants by removing more nutrients than carbon, as observed both at the ecosystem level (Finér 1992, Nilsen & Abrahamsen 2003, Hytönen et al 2014 and under a controlled environment (Huttunen et al 2007, 2013, Kula et al 2012, Varnagiryte-Kabašinskiene et al 2015. Moreover, it has been suggested that fertilization is required for more intensive mineralization rates of organic nitrogen in soil under climate warming or increased N depositions (Mäkipää et al 1999, Galloway et al 2004, Verburg 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies indicated that the ability of defoliated silver birch seedlings to recover from and compensate for the loss of leaf biomass was improved by fertilization (Mutikainen et al 2000, Eyles et al 2009). For example, fertilization has increased the height increment and biomass growth of defoliated silver birch seedlings (Huttunen et al 2007). As an opposite interaction, intensive photosynthesis and growth caused by defoliation may induce soil nutrient disproportions (Zhang et al 2006, Turnbull et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of artificially defoliated Betula pendula seedlings to additional soil nutrient supply

Araminienė¹,

Varnagirytė–Kabašinskiene²,

Stakėnas³

2017

iForest

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The impact of leaf damage on the growth of young silver birch seedlings with and without additional nutrient supply was investigated by simulating leafinsect damage and applying different levels (25%, 50% and 75%) of artificial defoliation. Based on field-practical and cost-effective methods, we determined how fertilization practices compensate for foliage loss, and the combined effect on silver birch seedling growth. The mineral fertilizers applied to the 25-75%-defoliated silver birch seedlings reduced the growth in aboveground biomass compared to the fertilized but undamaged seedlings. Our results showed that when the birch seedlings received more nutrients they did not compensate for the loss of foliar mass. However, the seedlings loosing part of their foliar mass and receiving no additional fertilizers did compensate for the foliage loss and their root growth was not weakened, using soil nutrients more effectively. Mineral fertilization up to optimal nutritional balance could be a beneficial tool for increasing growth rate and biomass accumulation in the short-term period. However, our study demonstrated that additional fertilization does not necessarily lead to growth compensation of partly defoliated young birch trees.

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“…If the trees are growing in poor nutritional conditions, their ability to recover decreases drastically. On the other hand, in the case of a good nutrition status, compensatory growth after defoliation has even increased the growth rate of the trees (Huttunen et al 2007). Overcompensation after defoliation is a common phenomenon in many higher plants, especially in nutrient-rich, favourable growing conditions (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of living crown reduction on needle element status of Scots pine

Nuorteva¹

2008

Diss. For.

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A wide range of biotic and abiotic factors, operating over different time perspectives and intensities, cause defoliation and a rapid decrease in the crown size of trees. Scleroderris canker disease [Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet] has caused widespread crown reduction and tree mortality in Scots pine in forests in Scandinavia during the last three decades. In the 1980's, attempts were made to show, on the basis of the higher foliar N and S concentrations of affected pines in the diseased area, that sulphur and nitrogen deposition predispose trees to G. abietina. Unfortunately, in many studies on defoliated trees, exceptionally high or low needle mineral nutrient concentrations are still often interpreted as one of the causes of tree injury and not, conversely, as the result. In this thesis, three different field experiments, with foliar analysis as the main study method, were conducted in order to asses the possible long-term effects of living crown reduction on the needle nutrient concentrations of Scots pine trees in southern Finland. The crown ratio and length of the living crown were used to estimate the amount of defoliation in the reduced canopies. The material for the partial studies was collected and a total of 968 foliar samples were analysed individually (15-17 elements/sample) on a total of 488 sample trees (140 diseased, 116 pruned and 232 control trees) during the years 1987-1996 in 13 Scots pine stands.All the three experiments of this thesis provided significant evidence that severe disease-induced defoliation or artificial pruning of the living branches can induce longlasting nutritional changes in the foliage of the recovering trees under the typical growing conditions for Scots pine.The foliar concentrations of all the 17 mineral nutrients/elements analysed were affected, to a varying degree, by artificial pruning during the following three years. Although Scots pine, as an evergreen conifer, is considered to have low induced chemical responses to defoliation, this study proved experimentally under natural forest conditions that severe artificial pruning or disease-induced defoliation of Scots pine trees may induce biologically significant changes in the concentrations of most of the important macro-and micronutrients, as well as of carbon, in refoliated needles.

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Is a defoliated silver birch seedling able to overcompensate the growth under changing climate?

Cited by 33 publications

References 56 publications

Consequences of Climate Warming and Altered Precipitation Patterns for Plant-Insect and Multitrophic Interactions

Consequences of Climate Warming and Altered Precipitation Patterns for Plant-Insect and Multitrophic Interactions

Response of artificially defoliated Betula pendula seedlings to additional soil nutrient supply

Effects of living crown reduction on needle element status of Scots pine

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