Is a child's risk of early onset schizophrenia increased in the highest social class?

Mäkikyrö, Taru; Isohanni, Matti; Moring, Juha; Oja, Hannu; Hakko, Helinä; Jones, Peter B.; Rantakallio, Paula

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(96)00119-3

Cited by 72 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…SES in 1966 was based on father's occupation reported in the structured questionnaire given to the mother during pregnancy (mother's if father's occupation unknown): I = occupations with highest education and prestige; II = occupations with lower prestige and shorter education than in class I; III = skilled workers; IV = unskilled workers; and as a separate group farmers by larger-and smaller-scale farms (≥ or < eight hectares) (Alestalo & Uusitalo, 1978;Mäkikyrö et al, 1997;Rantakallio, 1979). Mother's age, parity, smoking during pregnancy, attitude towards public authority help and wantedness of pregnancy were extracted from the questionnaire.…”

Section: Early Life Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloninger’s Temperament Dimensions, Socio-economic and Lifestyle Factors and Metabolic Syndrome Markers at Age 31 Years in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966

Sovio

King

et al. 2007

J Health Psychol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to assess the association between temperament and metabolic syndrome markers. Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory and clinical examination were carried out in 1997 in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (N = 4364 respondents). Novelty seeking was positively associated with waist circumference in both genders. Systolic blood pressure was highest in men with high harm avoidance and low persistence scores and lowest in women with high reward dependence and high persistence scores. Childhood socio-economic status did not confound these associations. Smoking and alcohol consumption were associated with higher novelty seeking. Our results suggest that temperament is associated with metabolic syndrome markers and this association may be partly mediated by lifestyle factors and socio-economic status in adulthood.

show abstract

Section: Early Life Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloninger’s Temperament Dimensions, Socio-economic and Lifestyle Factors and Metabolic Syndrome Markers at Age 31 Years in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966

Sovio

King

et al. 2007

J Health Psychol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First-born sons had an elevated risk for schizophrenia in the same cohort [27]. However, in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, some familiar factors, including low social class of the family of origin [28], living in a single-parent family [29], size of the family of origin [30], and antenatal depressed mood of the mother [10], have been found not to be associated with risk of schizophrenia. Even so, the offspring of antenatally depressed mothers had elevated levels of schizophrenia, when combined with psychosis in the family.…”

Section: Early Family and Rearing Environmentmentioning

confidence: 93%

Developmental precursors of psychosis

Isohanni

Isohanni²,

Koponen³

et al. 2004

Curr Psychiatry Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Subtle developmental (motor, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral) abnormalities are often present in apparently healthy individuals who later develop psychosis, suggesting that some aspects of causation are established before overt psychosis. These impairments may restrict information processing and social achievements years before manifesting psychosis. The main known risk factors in the development of schizophrenic psychosis are genetic factors, pregnancy and delivery complications, slow neuromotor development, and deviant cognitive and academic performance. However, their effect size and predictive power are small. Developmental precursors are not necessarily specific to schizophrenia, but also common to other psychotic disorders. No powerful risk factor, premorbid sign, or risk indicator has been identified that is useful for prediction of psychoses in the general population.

show abstract

“…A Danish case control study of almost 8,000 first admissions for schizophrenia found that risk of schizophrenia was associated with unemployment, low educational attainment, lower wealth status, low income, being single with no children, urban birth, parental unemployment and paternal lower income, but not with parental wealth . They found an association with higher education in parents and cited other studies that had found a link with higher social class (Goldberg & Morrison, 1963;Jones & Done, 1997;Makikyro et al, 1997;Malama et al, 1988;Mulvany et al, 2001) or educational attainment (Wiersma, Giel, De Jong, & Slooff, 1983), concluding that there was insufficient evidence linking low parental socioeconomic status (and therefore, early social disadvantage) to schizophrenia and that the lowered socioeconomic status apparent on admission was explained by social drift.…”

Section: Socioeconomic Statusmentioning

confidence: 95%

Beyond the first episode: Candidate factors for a risk prediction model of schizophrenia

Murphy

2010

International Review of Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many early psychosis services are financially compromised and cannot offer a full tenure of care to all patients. To maintain viability of services it is important that those with schizophrenia are identified early to maximize long-term outcomes, as are those with better prognoses who can be discharged early. The duration of untreated psychosis remains the mainstay in determining those who will benefit from extended care, yet its ability to inform on prognosis is modest in both the short and medium term. There are a number of known or putative genetic and environmental risk factors that have the potential to improve prognostication, though a multivariate risk prediction model combining them with clinical characteristics has yet to be developed. Candidate risk factors for such a model are presented, with an emphasis on environmental risk factors. More work is needed to corroborate many putative factors and to determine which of the established factors are salient and which are merely proxy measures. Future research should help clarify how gene-environment and environment-environment interactions occur and whether risk factors are dose-dependent, or if they act additively or synergistically, or are redundant in the presence (or absence) of other factors.

show abstract

Is a child's risk of early onset schizophrenia increased in the highest social class?

Cited by 72 publications

References 19 publications

Cloninger’s Temperament Dimensions, Socio-economic and Lifestyle Factors and Metabolic Syndrome Markers at Age 31 Years in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966

Cloninger’s Temperament Dimensions, Socio-economic and Lifestyle Factors and Metabolic Syndrome Markers at Age 31 Years in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966

Developmental precursors of psychosis

Beyond the first episode: Candidate factors for a risk prediction model of schizophrenia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About