Irukandji and Chironex fleckeri jellyfish envenomation in tropical Australia

Fenner, Peter J.; Harrison, Simone L.

doi:10.1580/1080-6032(2000)011[0233:iacfje]2.3.co;2

Cited by 45 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…While “blooms” of scyphozoans have been most heavily studied, the population dynamics of box jellyfish––in spite of their potentially large public health impacts due to their potent venoms and their generally coastal, shallow water distributions––remain poorly understood (Yoshimoto and Yanagihara, 2002; Bentlage et al, 2009; Gershwin et al, 2009). Periodic or seasonal population dynamics of box jellyfish have long been documented in, and associated with, tropical Australia (Barnes, 1966; Fenner, 1998; Fenner and Harrison, 2000), and an apparent increase in box jellyfish abundance on the Mediterranean Coast of Spain has been reported in recent years (Bordehore et al , 2011, 2015; Fontanet, 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Box JellyfishAlatina alataHas a Circumtropical Distribution

Lawley

Ames

Bentlage

et al. 2016

The Biological Bulletin

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Species of the box jellyfish (Cubozoa) genus Alatina are notorious for their sting along the beaches of several localities of the Atlantic and Pacific. These species include Alatina alata on the Caribbean Island of Bonaire (the Netherlands), A. moseri in Hawaii, and A. mordens in Australia. Most cubozoans inhabit coastal waters, but Alatina is unusual in that specimens have also been collected in the open ocean at great depths. Alatina is notable in that populations form monthly aggregations for spermcast mating in conjunction with the lunar cycle. Nominal species are difficult to differentiate morphologically, and it has been unclear whether they are distinct or a single species with worldwide distribution. Here we report the results of a population genetic study, using nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data from four geographical localities. Our analyses revealed a general lack of geographic structure among Alatina populations, and slight though significant isolation by distance. These data corroborate morphological and behavioral similarities observed in the geographically disparate localities, and indicate the presence of a single, pan-tropically distributed species, Alatina alata. While repeated, human-mediated introductions of A. alata could explain the patterns we have observed, it seems more likely that genetic metapopulation cohesion is maintained via dispersal through the swimming medusa stage, and perhaps via dispersal of encysted planulae, which are described here for the first time in Alatina.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Box JellyfishAlatina alataHas a Circumtropical Distribution

Lawley

Ames

Bentlage

et al. 2016

The Biological Bulletin

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“…29.4, recently renamed Chironex yamaguchii [26]), Carukia barnesi, and Carybdea spp. [27,28] are genera and species generally known as venomous box jellyfish.…”

Section: Protein Toxins Of Jellyfishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Protein Toxins

Nagai¹

2012

Handbook of Marine Natural Products

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“…Several studies have been performed to characterize toxins from many poisonous animals such as cone-snails, scorpions, snakes and spiders [12,13], but cnidarian toxins need to be further focused on. This is surprising because, although most Cnidaria do not have harmful nematocysts that are able to penetrate human skin, the accidental contact with some cubozoans, such as Chironex fleckeri (the Pacific Sea Wasp), Carukia barnesi and Malo kingi (the latter two are both commonly called Irukandji Jellyfish) can be lethal [14]. Other medusozoan taxa , species of both planktonic [15] and benthic animals [16], are also involved in human envenomation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelagia noctiluca (Scyphozoa) Crude Venom Injection Elicits Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Rats

et al. 2014

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Cnidarian toxins represent a rich source of biologically active compounds. Since they may act via oxidative stress events, the aim of the present study was to verify whether crude venom, extracted from the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca, elicits inflammation and oxidative stress processes, known to be mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, in rats. In a first set of experiments, the animals were injected with crude venom (at three different doses 6, 30 and 60 µg/kg, suspended in saline solution, i.v.) to test the mortality and possible blood pressure changes. In a second set of experiments, to confirm that Pelagia noctiluca crude venom enhances ROS formation and may contribute to the pathophysiology of inflammation, crude venom-injected animals (30 µg/kg) were also treated with tempol, a powerful antioxidant (100 mg/kg i.p., 30 and 60 min after crude venom). Administration of tempol after crude venom challenge, caused a significant reduction of each parameter related to inflammation. The potential effect of Pelagia noctiluca crude venom in the systemic inflammation process has been here demonstrated, adding novel information about its biological activity.

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Irukandji and Chironex fleckeri jellyfish envenomation in tropical Australia

Cited by 45 publications

References 10 publications

Box JellyfishAlatina alataHas a Circumtropical Distribution

Box JellyfishAlatina alataHas a Circumtropical Distribution

Marine Protein Toxins

Pelagia noctiluca (Scyphozoa) Crude Venom Injection Elicits Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Rats

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